47. C0MP0SITACEJ3. 
421 
female in many rows not intermixed ivith the involucral scales , 
filiform toothed ; of disk perfect. Style bifid, stigmas ob- 
tuse. Acli. cylindric-oblong all free ; hairs of pappus in a 
single row. Recept. flat naked. — FI. rayless small and 
inconspicuous. 
26. Filago. Inv. conico-pyramidal or ovoidal 5 -angular, 
scales heeled or concave imbricate in 3-5 rows, the inner 
serving as chaffs of recept. Heads heterogamous ; fl. of 
margin female in several rows from the axils of and mingled 
with the inner scales of the involucre , filiform scarcely 
toothed ; of disk perfect few tubular 4-5-toothed. Stigmas 
obtuse. Ach. all free obovate compressed pellucido-papil- 
lose. Pappus fragile caducous, in the outer fl. 0 or dis- 
similar. Recept. either elongated and subfiliform or short 
thickened and flattened at top, chafty at the margin, naked 
in the centre. — Fl. rayless small. 
27. Xerotium. Like Filago , but scales of inv. concave in 
3 opposite rows ; female fl. of margin in only 2 rows from 
the axils of the two inner rows of involucral scales ; and 
outer row of ach. convolutely enwrapped or coated by the 
tubular-cymbiform middle row of involucral scales having 
their edges coherent or united downwards ; the inner ach. 
naked free. 
Tribe XVI. CALEND ULE/E. 
Heads heterogamous radiate. Fl. of margin female ligu- 
late, of disk male tubular. Anthers shortly awned or caudate. 
Stigmas short thick divaricate, convex and pubescent out- 
wards. Ach. dimorphous beaked mostly arcuate or boatshaped. 
Pappus 0. Recept. naked. — Herbs sometimes suftrutescent, 
more or less glandulose or viscid, with alternate mostly simple 
undivided 1. and radiant mostly or. or y. fl., disagreeably sub- 
aromatic. 
28. Calendula. Inv. hemispherical, scales herbaceous dis- 
tinct equal in two rows. Fl. of margin female ligulate 
fertile in 2-3 rows, of disk male or perfect with a simply 
capitate style. Ach. large dimorphous crescent- or boat- 
shaped winged or simple and cylindric, incurved, rugose or 
muricate at the back. Recept. tuberculate. — Subviscid 
clammy subaromatic herbs, sometimes suftrutescent, with 
succulent light or full green foliage and simple undivided 
leaves. Fl. solitary terminal conspicuous or. or y. 
