47. COMPOSITACEJE. 
Suborder II. CAPITIFLORdE. (Cynarocephalas Vaill., 
Juss. &c.) 
(The Thistle, Artichoke, Burdock, Ac.) 
FI. all tubular , of disk perfect regular, of margin like the 
central or sterile and often enlarged. Style of perfect fh jointed 
and swollen upwards below its branches. Stigmas often com- 
bined or concrete. FI. in mostly large conspicuous globose 
heads and mostly purple blue or w., rarely y. — Large coarse 
herbs, rarely shr. or milky in Mad. L. and heads mostly 
prickly-spinous. Coat or shell of ach. mostly hard testaceous. 
Recept. mostly chaffy -setaceous or fibrillose. 
§ 1. Anthers ecaudate or awnless at the base. 
Tribe XVII. SIL YBEJE. 
Heads many-fld. separate (not aggregate on a common ge- 
neral recept. as in Echinops L.). Scales of inv. imbricate spi- 
nescent. Stam. monadelphous , their filaments completely united. 
Hilum basilary terminal. Pappus pilose or plumose united 
into a ring or short annular tube at the base, deciduous. 
29. Galactites. Heads lieterogamous ; fl. unequal , the mar- 
ginal sterile larger and radiant , the central perfect and fer- 
tile. Stigmas concrete. Scales of inv. uniform exappen- 
diculate imbricate entire acuininato-spinescent. Ach. nar- 
row-oblong compressed or compressedly suhcylindric without 
ribs, very finely and obsoletely 10 -striolate or lineolate ; 
margin of epigynous disk entire. Pappus plumose, its hairs 
in few rows long-feathered , often slightly thickened upwards; 
throat of ring or tube naked open. Recept. densely hairy. 
t'k). Silybum. Heads homogamous ; fl. all equal perfect 
fertile. Stigmas distinct at the tips. Outer and middle 
scales of inv. expanded into a foliaceous spinous-toothed ap- 
pendage narrowing into a long and strong spine ; the inner 
simple entire. Ach. obovate-oblong compressed without 
ribs or striae ; margin of epigynous disk entire. Pappus 
pilose ; hairs in many rows simply and very shortly or mi- 
nutely denticulate or scabrous , upper or inner edge of basal 
ring with a crown of very fine smooth short connivent hairs 
closing the throat. Recept. densely hairy. 
Tribe XVIII. CARD TJINEJE. 
Heads many-fld. separate. Scales of inv. imbricate mostly 
spinescent rarely appendicidate. Fil. of stam. free. Hilum 
