47. C0MP0SITACE.E. 
42.4 
basilary terminal. Pappus pilose or plumose annular deci- 
duous. 
81 . Cynara. Heads homogamous ; fl. all equal perfect and 
fertile. Scales of inv. imbricate entire, tbe outer coria- 
ceous mostly exappendiculate and pungently spinoso-cus- 
pidate or mucronate, the inner with a membranous or cor- 
neous feebly spinescent or unarmed apical appendage. Ter- 
minal appendage of anthers very obtuse. Stigmas distinct 
at the tip. Ach. u obovate 4- angular slightly compressed. 
Pappus plumose, hairs in many rows Recept. fleshy 
densely yillous. — FI. b. « 
f32. Notobasis. Heads heterogamous, leafy-bracteate ; fl. 
all equal, the marginal sterile , the central perfect and fertile. 
Scales of inv. imbricate coriaceous entire feebly spinoso- 
acuminate. Terminal appendage of anthers acute. Stigmas 
concrete. Ach. large obliquely obovate gibbous much com- 
pressed subtetragonal each side with an obsolete heel or rib. 
Hilum suboblique ; epigynous disk oblique immarginate. Pap- 
pus plumose, hairs in two rows. Recept. densely villous. 
— Fl. purple. 
38. Cirsium. Heads homogamous ; fl. all equal perfect and 
fertile. Scales of inv. imbricate simple entire, neither ap- 
pendiculate nor scarious at the edges , more or less spinescent. 
Terminal appendage of anthers scarious linear -subulate. 
Stigmas concrete. Ach. oblong compressed ribless ; border 
of epigynous disk entire. Pappus plumose, hairs in many 
rows long-feathered except at the distinctly thickened tip. 
Recept. setaceo-chafly. — Fl. purple or w. 
34. Carduus. Like Cirsium but scales of inv. more or less 
scarious at the edges and pappus simple pilose finely toothed 
or pubescent not plumose. ( Carduus and Clavena DC.). — 
Fl. purple or w. 
Tribe XIX. CENTAURIES. 
Pleads many-fld. heterogamous. Scales of inv. uniform all 
imbricately adpressed coriaceous with an apical scarious mostly 
ciliate or spinous rarely indistinct or obsolete appendage (abor- 
tive floral leaf or leafy bract). Marginal florets mostly neuter 
sterile often radiant. Fil. of stam. free. Ach. compressed rarely 
cylindric, smooth and even, rarely ribbed ; the margin of epigy- 
nous disk entire. Hilum lateral. Pappus persistent rarely 
deciduous stiffly pilose or setose its hairs or bristles free to the 
base and often chaffy, rarely 0. Recept. chafly-setaceous. — 
Fl. mostly purple, rarely b., w. or v. 
