424 
47. COMPOSITACEJE. 
35. Centaurea. Heads heterogamous rarely liomogamous ; 
fl. rarely all equal perfect and fertile, the marginal mostly 
larger sterile radiant. Scales of iny. imbricate with a ter- 
minal searious or corneous more or less armed and spinose or 
pectinately ciliate appendage. Ach. oblong compressed rib- 
less and eyen (except in C. Massoniana ) ; border of epi- 
gynous disk entire (except in C. Massoniana). Pappus 
0 or composed of stiff denticulate chaffy hairs or bristles 
in seyeral rows, mostly persistent ; the inner row formed 
of shorter connivent hairs. Recept. chaffy-setaceous. — Fl. 
mostfy purple, rarely b., w. or y. 
t36. Microloxchus. Heads heterogamous ; marginal fl. ste- 
rile more or less radiant, central perfect and fertile. Scales 
of iny. imbricate coriaceous or corneous nerveless unarmed 
subexappendiculate and only sphacelate and often spinuloso- 
mucronulate at the tips. Ach. oblong compressed finely 
ribbed, and transversely wrinkled between the ribs ; border of 
epigynous disk entire. Pappus persistent double, outer of 
stiff chaffy hairs in many rows free to the base, inner com- 
bined into a ring or crown produced on one side into a unila- 
teral scale as long as or a little shorter than the outer rows. 
Recept. chaffy-setaceous. — Fl. purple or w. 
Tribe XX. ' CAR THAMJEJE. 
Heads many-fld. homogamous circinately leafy -bracteate. Scales 
of iny. heteromorphous , the outer foliaceous, or leafy-appendicu- 
late spreading mostly spinous, inner coriaceous imbricately ad- 
pressed mostly indistinctly scarioso-appendiculate and simply 
acuminato-cuspidate. Florets all perfect fertile , with a long 
slender tube. Fil. of stam. free. Ach. tetragonal smooth but 
ribbed or rugose upwards with the margin of the epig. disk 
toothed or crenatc. Hilum lateral. Pappus persistent free to 
the base chaffy or chaffy-setose rarely 0. Recept. chaffy-seta- 
ceous. — Fl. y. or. or b. 
f37. Kentrophyllum. Heads homogamous, fl. all equal 
perfect fertile. Outer scales of inv. leafy or leafy-appendi- 
culate strongly many-nerved pectinately ciliato-spinous 
cuspidate, inner coriaceous or corneous nerveless oblongo- or 
ligulato-lanceolate entire subexappendiculate but with dis- 
coloured serrulate or entire cuspidately spinous tips. Fil. 
free with a collar or tuft of hairs towards their top. Ach. 
thick obovate, irregularly but acutely tetragonal gibbous 
mbmuricately ribbed or rugose upwards ; border of epigynous 
disk irregularly (principally 4-) toothed. Pappus in the 
marginal ach. 0, m the rest consisting of numerous finely 
serrulate very unequal crccto-patent ligulate or linear chuffs 
