426 
47. COMPOSITACEJE. 
Mad. sp. is a low straggling shr. with finely spinuloso- 
ciliate 1. and large leafy heads of dull w. or pale straw- 
col. fi. 
B. Scales of inv. all exappendiculate simple unarmed. (Gen. 
Jurinea , Stcehelina, Lappa.) 
41. Lappa. Heads globose homogamous ; fl. all equal perfect 
fertile. Scales of inv. squarroselv imbricate linear-lanceolate 
produced into a long point hooked at the tip. Awns at 
base of anthers simple smooth (not bifid, lacerate, ciliate, 
or plumose). Stigmas concrete halfway up. Ach. oblong 
compressed ribbed ; border of epigynous disk entire. Pap- 
pus setose short deciduous, bristles in many rows denticu- 
late free to the base. Recept. chaffy-setaceous. — Unarmed 
coarse large-leaved herbs with erect branched st., broad 
ample foliage and clustered inconspicuous bur-like heads 
prehensile in fr. Fl. purple. 
Suborder III. LIGULIFLORHC DC. (Cichoraceje Vaill., 
Juss. &c.) 
(The Dandelion, Lettuce, Sowthistle &c.) 
Fl. all ligulate perfect. Style not jointed or swollen upwards. 
Stigmas always more or less distinct. 
Milky bitter-tasted herbs (rarely suffr.) with conspicuous 
mostly radiato-ligulate (very rarely capitifioral or cynarocepha- 
lous) y. rarely b. p. or purple, very rarely w. fl. ; the outer fits, 
mostly radiant. L. alternate and like the heads very rarely 
prickly-spinous. Properties tonic or narcotic. 
t Tribe XXII. SCOLYMEJE. 
Heads capitifioral armed involucrate with spinous leafy hr. 
Scales of inv. imbricate spinescent. Ach. not beaked obcom- 
pressed closely coated winged and crowned with the condu- 
plicate adherent pericarp-like chaffs of the recept. — Erect spinous 
thistle-like herbs. Fl. y. or or. Tube of florets woolly up- 
wards. 
f42. Scolymus. Heads ovate. Scales of inv. adpressed 
coriaceous cuspidate with narrow membranous edges. 
Ach. obcompressed obcuneate enveloped entirely except 
the apex or epigynous disk in the winged adherent pseudo- 
pericarp. Pappus 0 or obsoletely chafly-coroniform, with 
or without 2-4 inner deciduous setules. Recept. conical 
or hemispherical chaffy. 
