446 
47. COMPOSITACEJE. 
This is undoubtedly the normal form (with straight stiffly 
erect hard wandlike st. and more finely and remotely lobed less 
conspicuously auricled 1.) of S. sylvaticus L., — though spec, of it, 
sent by me in 1832 to the late Cliev. De Candolle as S. lividus 
Smith, were referred by him in the Prodr. 1. c. to S. lividus L., 
a distinct sp., generally diffused on the continent of Europe 
though not found hitherto either in Britain or Mad., with 
thicker more robust and succulent soft st., larger less deeply 
divided more broadly lobed and auricled 1. and much larger 
fewer heads in somewhat lax not densely crowded corymbs. 
S. lividus Sm. (Sow. EB. t. 2515), to which I had formerly 
referred such spec, of the Mad. pi. as had their involucral scales 
entirely gr. and not discoloured at the tips, is merely a more 
loosely branched and succulent luxuriant state or var. /3 of S. 
sylvaticus L. with more broadly lobed and largely auricled 1., 
and has not really occurred in Mad. Nor has S. sylvaticus L. 
in either state been found in the Canaries — which is the more 
remarkable from the almost universal diffusion of the normal 
form of it in Mad. 
Sect. 2. Jacobcea Tournef. — Heads campanulate calyculate. 
Fits, of margin ligulate, ligules exserted spreading. L. 
mostly pinnatilobate. FI. y. radiate. 
3. S. inchassatus Lowe. Doiradinha. 
Quite scentless smooth and fleshy low and dwarfish, bushy, 
leafy ; st. sharply angular short erect branched or some- 
times simple succulent ; 1. thick and fleshy crowded sinuately 
pinnatilobed, lobes toothed pinnatifid subacute, their margins re- 
volute ; lower 1. attenuately stalked, upper amplexicaul dentato- 
auriculate ; heads moderately large in terminal close crowded 
large many-fld. cymes; ped. much thickened and flesh) r up- 
wards muitibracteate ; calycle indistinct irregular, scales few 
(6-10) very short lax with the tips black or discoloured; all 
the scales and bracts of ped. gibbous and fleshy at the base ; 
ligules of ray conspicuous few (6-10) short broad and truncate 
or obtusely suboval or ovate, about half the breadth of disk, at 
first spreading, then reflexed or revolute ; ach. narrow linear- 
cylindric elongate very slightly or not at all attenuate at the 
base, finely and shortly adpresso-pubescent. — Lowe Novit. 16 
or 538. S. crassifolius (3 Lowci DC. ! vi. 344. — Herb. ann. Mad. 
reg. 1, r; PS. leg. I, 2, ccc ; ND. r; CD. r; SD.J. In Mad. 
at the top of the Brazen Head and all about the bossil-bed at 
