493 
47. C03I POSIT ACFJE. 
“ tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, 
Sermons in stones, and good in everything,” 
saw in the milk-stained leaves of this fine thistle a memento of 
the Virgin Mary’s Flight with the infant Saviour into Egypt. 
Tribe XVIII. Carduinece Less. 
31. Cotara L. 
1. C. Caudunculus L. Car do da gente. 
St. normally branched with several fl. , often dwarfed 1-fld. ; 
1. sessile or semiamplexicaul not ' decurrent spinous pinnatipar- 
tite, snowy crustaceo-tomentose beneath, smooth or glabrescent 
and hoary-gr. above, the lobes or segm. decurrent narrow li- 
near-lanceolate elongate-acuminate (in the upper 1. caudate or 
fiagelliform) spinoso-pinnatitid, or toothed ; outer scales of inv. 
coriaceous ovate or ovate-lanceolate cuspidate or acuminato- 
spinose. — Linn. Sp. 1159; l)esf. ii. 248; Brot. i. 339; Pers. ii. 
384; DC. vi. 020; Koch 458; Coss. et Germ. ii. 383; Gren. 
et Godr. ii. 206; PEG. xv. t. 152; Willk. et Lange Fl. Hisp. 
ii. 180. C. sylvestris Lam. Enc. i. 277 ; Ger. p. 992. 
/3. fcrocissima ; densely spinose especially towards the bases 
of the 1. and their segm. ; spines long slender subulate very 
sharp and rigid pale brown or y. mostly 2-3-nate or fasciculate 
and connately combined and crowded at the base of the 1. or 
their segm., segm. of upper 1. elongate finely caudate or Hagel- 
liform ; outer scales of inv. acuininato-spinous sharply pun- 
gent ; st. often dwarfed and 1 -3-fid. — C. horrida Ait. ! Pers. ii. 
384 ; Buch ! 194. no. 248 ; Fl. Gr. t. 834 ; DC. vi. 020 ; Lowe 
Novit. 10 or 541 ; WB. ii. 384, t. 114 (descr. locupletissima 
opt.). — Herb. per. Mad. reg. 1, r; PS. reg. 3, |. Open grassy 
slopes and mountain pastures, in Mad. only between Machico 
and Caudal and onwards towards the Piedade on P ta de S. Lou- 
ren^o ; in PS. on most of the mountains, growing singly or 
sometimes gregariously in the short turf. July-Oct. — L. form- 
ing a large thick conspicuous spreading hoary grey or whitish 
fiat thick tuft or rose, 0-12 in. long, 3-0 broad, formidably and 
thickly armed especially towards their base with excessively 
sharp fine subulate straight slender rigid woody spines often 
an in. long of a pale brown or v. col. From the centre 
ri<es the single often simple and 1-fid. short stout erect 
straight hard stiff evenly striated st. A— 1 \ ft. high, hoary, to- 
mentose, occasionally in luxuriant ex. branched and 8 or 9-fld. 
Heads large 2-3 in. in diam. smooth like those of the common 
garden Artichoke (C. Scohjinus L.) but with the scales produced 
