506 
47. .COMPOSITACEJE. 
globosely ovate or ovato-conoidai ; involucral apical appen- 
dages finely but pungently palmato-spinulous, spinules 5-7 sub- 
equal palniately divergent subrecurved or spreading pale yel- 
lowish or fulvous, each about the length of its own scale ; disk 
of fl. pale or whitish. — Linn. ! Sp. 1294 ; Lam. Enc. i. 672 ; 
Pers. ii. 485; DC. vi. 599; Gr. et Godr. ii. 258; RFG. xv. 
t. 68. f. i. ; Willk. et Lange Fl. Hisp. ii. 141. C. romana var. 
Buck ! 194. no. 249 (not C. romana L. or Desf.) ; Barr. Ic. 
t. 236 P — Herb. per. Mad. reg. 2, rrr. Completely naturalized 
amongst cornfields in one spot only of small extent along the 
Caniyo road 3 miles out of Funchal, about the first bridge after 
passing the Chapel of N. S. das Neves at the bottom of the 
hollow immediately before arriving at the large tank above the 
road. May- July. — Roots per. long, scarcely as thick as a 
goosequill, fleshy w. simple or rarely branched, creeping or 
running extensively in the light arable soil much like those of 
the common English Thistle, Cirsium arvense (L.). St. 6-12 
in. long, somewhat fragile, hard stiff angular, sparingly branched 
divaricately, diffusely spreading, often procumbent ; branches 
mostly longer than the short erect main st. Whole pi. dull 
gr., scarcely hoary, subglandular-pubescent, harsh and sub- 
strigose, the pubescence short but coarse or furry. Root-1, 
lyrate, the terminal lobe large oblong, oval or half-oval ; mid- 
dle st.-l. sometimes undivided, more frequently irregularly or 
partially subsinuately toothed, decurrent halfway down the in- 
ternodes a little more on one side than the other ; the upper 
always undivided simple equal ; the edges of all waved and re- 
motely or repandlv mucronato-denticulate or sparingly beset 
with minute short weak (not pungent) spinules. Fl. dark dull 
purple, pale or whitish in the middle, from half to about an 
inch in diam. Heads globose or ovate-oblong, always abruptly 
rounded at the base, nearly smooth or only a little cottony 
downwards, shortly and finely but somewhat thickly spinulous, 
each scale being palmately tipped with 5-7 pale yellowish or 
fawn-col. rarely purplish spreading pungent subulate spinules 
of nearly equal length (3-6 millims.) and size, the middle one 
being scarcely longer or stronger than the rest. Ach. linear- 
oblong, 5 mill, long, 2 broad, subcompressed and even (not or 
only obsoletely ribbed or striate) but all over very finely softly 
and minutely hairy-puberulous, shining pale yellowish grey 
mottled or streaked longitudinally with olive-brown, crowned 
at top outside the pappus with a finely toothed rim or border, 
slightly attenuated downwards and bluntly hooked or dimi- 
diately incurved at the base below the very large conspicu- 
ous deeply incised oblique sublateral hilum. Pappus (to all 
the seeas) a thick tuft or pencil of very short (1-2 mill, 
long) unequal rough shining or glittering erect w. bristles in 
many rows. Recept. densely chaffy-villous ; chaffs w. shining 
fiattened-setiform. 
