CARTHAMTJ8. 
513 
July. — The two varr. are merely transient forms or states, run- 
ning into each other, and not worth distinguishing except to 
make clear the synonymy. — Root or rhizome stout strong hard 
and woody dark brown or blackish divided into several heads 
at the crown. St. 1 or several mostly simple straight about 1 ft. 
high striate or angular hard stiff tough and leafy all the way up, 
bearing a single handsome middle-sized lavender-b. terminal fl. 
L. rather stiff and rigid especially the upper, their serratures 
all tipped with a weak or scarcely pungent spine or muero, the 
lower 4 or 5 in. long, 1} broad, the st.-l. gradually smaller and 
broadly amplexicaul, not decurrent. Heads }-14 in! in diam. 
mostly furry- pubescent ; their lowest one or two rows of scales 
almost entirely transformed into 10 or 12 bract-like 1. resem- 
bling the upper st.-l. stiff pungent and anastomosely nerved or 
veined ; the inner parallelly many-nerved with a dark purplish 
brown or chestnut flexible findbriate apical appendage. Fil. 
with a tuft of hairs quite at top, not below it as in Kentroph. 
lanatum. Tube of florets with 5 black hair-like lines, forking 
at top. Recept. villous. 
tff39. Carthamtjs L. 
tttl. C. tinctorius L. Bastard Saffron. Aqafroa or Aqafrao. 
Xearlv or quite smooth ; 1. ovate-lanceolate, the upper and 
especially the floral spinelloso-ciliate or serrulate, the spinules 
very short and feeble ; heads large corymbose terminal solitary 
multibracteate with the gr. leaf-like spreading apical appen- 
dages of the outer 4-0 rows of scales ; ach. large w. irregularly 
tetragonal. — Linn. Sp. 1162; Lam. Diet. i. 637, 111. t. 661. f. 3; 
Rrot. i. 345 ; Pers. ii. 380 ; Buch 194. no. 241 ; DC. vi. 612 ; 
WB. ii. 364; Koch 467 ; RFG. xv. t. 15. f. 1. — Herb. ann. Mad. 
reg. 1, 2, r; PS. reg. 2, a. In or about cottage gardens in Mad. 
cult., or subspontaneously in waste ground in vineyards about 
Funchal ; in PS. more generally cult, and sometimes semi- 
naturalized in cornfields, as bej^ond Calheta &c. April-June. 
— St. 2-4 ft. high erect straight virgate branched corymbosely 
upwards only, hard stiff' rounded pale straw-col. or whitish. 
L. dark full gr. shining, nearly or quite smooth like the whole 
pi., 2-4 in. long, 1} broad, finely and irregularly but feebly and 
not pungently spinelloso-serrate. Heads 1-1} in. in diam. de- 
presso-globose copiously leafy-bracteate and like cabbage-heads 
or cabbage-roses, the leafy appendages to the outer scales of 
the inv. being as large as ana perfectly resembling the upper 
st.-l. into which they blend. FI. handsome 1 in. in diam. 
bright more or less deep orange-col., the tube of the florets 
with 5 black hair-like lines forking at top. Ach. 4 lines long, 
2-2} broad, smooth shining subgibbous with the dorsal angle 
