530 
47. COMPOSITACE-32 . 
or longer tightly enclosing the outer row of ach. and becoming 
finally in fr. very hard and horn-like with the sides flattened 
and back rounded. Ligules 5-toothed, in the outer fits, purple 
at the back ; teeth of the inner tipped outside with black form- 
ing a black eye or like an insect in the fl. before its complete ex- 
pansion. Ach. 20-30, linear-cylindric, the marginal sometimes 
obscurely 4-5-angular, truncate not beaked, longitudinally 
many-ribbed or striate and finely setuloso-muriculate along the 
ribs, the 2 or 3 outer rows black shining crowned with a short 
fringed chaffy cup-like crown ; the central or inner abortive, 
very slender pale brown, crowned with from 1 to 4 or 5 pale 
rough awnlike or lanceolato-setose chaffs about 2 lines long 
furnished with a few much shorter simple setre outside at their 
base ; the outer or marginal row of ach. tightly embraced by 
and adherent at the base or downwards to the inner or longer 
invol. scales and thus not deciduous, truncate like the rest, 
but with a false beak formed by the tip of the enclosing invol. 
scale. Heads in fr. 4-6 lines in diam., hard torulose or ribbed 
like a melon or Pitanga. 
The following forms have been distinguished by authors ; 
but they run so much together that they are scarcely worth 
separating, and according to Koch and Sprengel, 11. cc., have 
proved, when raised from seed, to be entirely inconstant : — 
I. cretica. St. several branched procumbent or diffuse often re- 
duced to 1-fld. scapes; ped. more or less thickened upwards; 
longer or inner scales of inv. in fr. crested or shortly muri- 
cato-setose dorsally towards the tip, smooth otherwise. — He- 
dypnois cretica a. genuina Bisch., RFG. xix. 6, t. 11. f. i. 
H. cretica DC. 1. c. no. 1 (excl. var. (3) ; Koch 1. c. ; Willk. et 
Lange 1. c. H. coronopifolia Ten., DC. 1. c. no. 2. H. po- 
ly morpha (3. diffusa, form 3, Gren. et Godr. 1. c. 280. H. rha- 
gadioloides var. ii. Schultz in WB. 1. c. Hyoseris cretica 
Linn. 1. c. 1139. no. 8; Desf. 1. c. ; Pers. 1. c. no. 10 (not 
Lam. or Brot.). — This is by far the commonest Mad. form, 
especially about the Piedade ; but it passes into the next 
sometimes in different heads on the same pi. 
TI. monspe/iensis. Like I., but all the scales of inv. altogether 
smooth or naked. — Hcdypnois cretica (3. monspeliensis Bisch., 
RFG. 1. c. ff. ii. 1. H. monspeliensis Willd. 1. c. H. poly- 
morpha DC. 1. c. no. 3 (partly). H. polymorpha [3. diffusa, 
form 1, Gren. et Godr. 1. c. 288. H, polymorpha a and (3 
Willk. et Lange 1. c. H. rhagadioloides var. I. Schultz in 
WB. 1. c. Hyoseris Hcdypnois Linn. 1138. no. G ; Vill. Dauph. 
I. c. no. 2; Lam. Diet. 1. c. no. G; Brot. 1. c. no. 1; Buch 
It >4. no. 237. //. monspeliensis Pers. 1. c. no. 13. Intybus 
sive Kndivialutea vcrrucaria, capitulum inclinans Moris. Hist, 
iii. 53. § 7. t. 1. f. G. — With the last at the Piedade, P tft do 
