THK1NCIA. 
533 
S tA Luzia, Curral das Freiras, Arco de Calheta, Camacha, P ta 
de S. Louren 9 o, P t0 da Cruz (Serrado), Rib. da Janella to P t0 
Moniz ; PS. on summit of Pico do Concelho. 
/3. gymnocephala Lowe; scales of inv. naked smooth . — T 
pygmcea B, Schultz in WB. 1. c. — With a , but less common 
Curral das Freiras, Arco de Calheta, P t0 da Cruz (Sitio do 
Barreiro and Serrado). 
Decidedly per. except when starved or killed by drought in 
scanty soil on arid banks and rocks or sunny mountain pastures. 
Root pale tough slender stringy hard or woody, in large robust 
pi. as thick as the tip of the little finger or 2-4 lines in diam. at 
the top or neck, mostly simple and fusiform or tapshaped, but 
often dividing shortly below the crown or neck into several 
branches tapering ultimately into fine fibres, mostly rather short 
and vertical, but sometimes in light soil or sand produced into 
a very long slender tortuous or flexuose woody string, running 
a foot deep or more horizontally or obliquely ; in all cases swol- 
len at the crown above ground into a small round hard fleshy 
flat knob or button (abortive st.) bearing the tuft of 1. ; the 
neck below without any set of adventitious roots or radicles 
(as in EB. t. 555), but occasionally in strong pi. thickly clothed 
with numerous tufted or matted fine fibres. L. in a thick 
radical tuft or loose rosette 4-12 in. in diam. and in old robust 
pi. very numerous; repandly sinuate-toothed subentire up- 
wards, subpinnatifid and much attenuated downwards, oblan- 
ceolate, 2-6 in. long, |-1 in. broad, all more or less densely 
hispid or furry with short hairs simple or glochidiately bifid at 
the tip, of a dark dull gr., mostly purplish or red beneath and 
especially the midrib in decay. Scapes slender, 3-12 or 15 
in. long, hard and stiffish, hirtose red or purple downwards, a 
little swollen at top and before flowering abruptly hooked with 
pendant fl.-buds. FI. f-l£ i n . in diam. full golden-y., the 
outer ligules with a pale olivaceous drab or sometimes rosy stripe 
beneath ; the segment-tips not glandulose, the tube fringed with 
long w. hairs on each side at top. Stigmas always y. Heads 
oblong hispid or smooth; outer scales about 10 (8-12) short 
linear-acuminate mostly discoloured or reddish purple very close- 
pressed forming a sort of calycle as in Senecio ; the inner ab- 
ruptly longer, fleshy, prominently but obtusely keeled, mostly 
