SOXCHUS. 
547 
at the edges, not transversely muriculato-gTanulate or rugose. — 
Vill. Dauph. iii. 158; Spr. iii. 649; EBS. tt. 2765, 2766; Koch 
497 ; \VB. ii. 448 ; Coss. et Germ. ii. 436 ; Bab. 195 ; Gren. et 
Godr. ii. 324 ; BFG. xix. 28, t. 59. f. ii., t. 60. ff. i., ii. ; Willk. 
et Lange ii. 242. S. oleraceus y, 8, Linn. Sp. 1117 ; Sm. E. 
FI. iii. 343 ; var. (3 Lam. Diet. iii. 398 ; Pers. ii. 363 ; var. 2 
Brot. i. 316. S. fallax (Wallr.) DC. vii. 185; Seub. FI. Az. 
34. — Herb. ann. Mad. 1, 2, r; ND. and GD. i ; SD. In the 
north chiefly of Mad. ; chestnut-woods and waste ground by 
roadsides, borders of cornfields and cult, ground at 8. Vicente, 
Boa Ventura, &c., common. ND. and GD. at top sparingly. 
At most seasons, chiefly Mav-Sept. Varr. : — 
a. vulgaris Coss. et Germ. 1. c. ; 1. runcinately or sinuately 
pinnatifid waved prickly-ciliate. — S. asper /3 EBS. t. 2766 ; 
WB. 1. c. 449, var. a. /3. — Mad. S. Vicente, borders of corn- 
fields ; ND. and GD. at top. 
/3. integrifolia ; 1. undivided prickly-ciliate. — S. asper a EBS. 
t. 2765 ; "WB. 1. c. var. a. a; BFG. t. 59. f. ii. Chestnut- woods 
S. Vicente and Boa Ventura in Mad. 
At once distinguished from all states of S. oleraceus L. by 
its harsh prickly less divided merely runcinate or sinuately 
pinnatifid lucid light gr. stiffer crispate 1. with more or less he- 
licoidal rounded auricles, stouter thicker softer or more juicy 
st., and more flattened and broadly winged distinctly 3-ribbed 
seeds quite devoid of transverse granulations. The edges of 
the 1. are copiously fringed with prickles pointing irregularly 
up and down, not subremote and in the plane of the 1. as 
usually in S. oleraceus L., their auricles rounded and more or 
less cochleate. Pappus in this as in the preceding sp. very 
soft and cottony. 
The above varr. a and /3 both belong to the var. /3. pungens 
Bischff. of BFG. 1. c. and Willk. et Lange 1. c. The unarmed 
var. a. inermis Bischff. (BFG. 1. c. t. 60. ff i., ii.) = /3. mollis 
Coss. et Germ. 1. c. has not been hitherto observed, but may 
very probably be found in Mad. 
( b ) Herbaceous, perennial. 
3. S. ustulatus Lowe. 
Herbaceous stemless or only occasionally and shortly sub- 
caulescent, very smooth ; 1. all radical somewhat stiff or fleshy 
glaucous between the veins especially beneath, oblong-lanceo- 
2 E 
