36 
BOTANICAL INDEX 
enclosure, but usually a short distance from it. In an old map of New France bv 
Franquelin, 1084, illustrating the French settlements for 1679, 1080 and 1681, he marks 
“eighty h.” (houses), as the size of Cheagouneman. This is probably the fort alluded 
to in the treaty between the United States and the chiefs of several tribes of Indians 
at Greenville, Ohio, 1795, in which the Indians ceded to the United States “one piece 
ot land six miles square at the mouth of the Chekajo river, emptying into the south- 
west end of Lake Michigan, where a fort formerly stood.” According to Franque- 
lin’s map the settlement is directly west of the junction of the north and south 
branches, and is the same as what in later times (1818) was known to the settlers as 
Wolf’s Point. In Francis Parkinan’s Discoveries of the Great West, he has described 
some old unpublished maps of America, and in describing Galinee’s map, 1672, he 
says: “On Lake Michigan, immediately opposite the site of Chicago, are written 
the words of which the following is the literal translation : ‘The largest vessels can 
come to this place from the outlet of Lake Erie, where it discharges into Lake Fron- 
tenac (Ontario); and from this marsh into which tliev can enter, there is only a dis- 
tance of a thousand paces to the River La Divine (Des Plaines), which can lead them 
to the River Colbert ^Mississippi), and thence to the Gulf of Mexico.' ” This with 
many other notes, found in old maps and MSS., definitely locate Chicago as one of 
the old French frontier posts. 
Tim treaty of Greenville, (Ohio,) 1795, brought the war between the colonists 
(Americans) and French and Indians to a close, and the frontier trading-posts again 
assumed their former prosperity. Chicago, sharing in the general prosperity, at- 
tracted, among other adventurers, Jean Baptiste to its shores in 1796, who, after a 
brief and prosperous career as Indian trader, left, and was succeeded in his cabin 
and business by LaMai, another French voyageur who, in turn, sold to John Kinzie, 
as agent for the American Fur Company (of New York City). In 1804, the impor- 
tance of the position was recognized by the General Government, and old Fort Dear- 
born was constructed near the corner of what is now Michigan avenue and Lake 
street, and garisoned with fifty men and three cannon. At the commencement 
of the second war with England, the Indians attacked and murdered many of the 
settlers around the fort (April, 1812), but most of the settlers escaped to the fort, 
where, with the small garrison, they were held in a sort of siege until the following 
August, when Capt. Heald, the commander, surrendered the fort and all the govern- 
ment property upon condition of a safe conduct to Ft. Wayne (Indiana). On the 
morning of the lath of August, Capt. Heald and wife, Lieut. Helm and wife, with 
the little garrison of seventy-five men, including a few militiamen, and Capt. Wells 
with fifteen friendly Miami Indians, together with the few settlers still at Fort Dear- 
born, except Mrs. John Kinzie and family, started out on their fatal march to Fort 
Wayne. Mrs. Kinzie, with her four children, two Indians and two servants, took a 
