( 174 .) 
SERRATULAA 
Linnean Class Sf Order. SYNGENE'siAf, Polyga'mia, TEqua- 
lis+. 
Natural. Order. Compo'sita5§ ; tribe, Cynarocephalte, Jnss. 
— Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 152 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 
& 200. — Compo'sita3 ; subord. Cardua'ce.e ; Loud. Hort. Brit, 
pp. 520 & 521. — Synanthe'rete ; tribe, Cynarocephal/e ; 
Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455.— Cinarocepiiala;, sect. 2. 
Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 171 & 173. — Sm. Gram, of Bot. pp. 121* * En<jL 
FI. v. iii. p. 334. — Syringa'les ; type, Cynaracea: ; Burn. Outl. 
of Bot. pp. 900 & 931. — Compo'sitas, Linn. 
Gen. Char. Involucrum ( common calyx J (fig. 1.) oblong, 
nearly cylindrical, imbricated, of numerous, spear-shaped, un- 
armed, permanent scales. Corolla compound, uniform ; florets 
(see fig. 2.) numerous, perfect, equal, tubular, funnel-shaped, the 
limb divided into 5 deep, equal segments. Filaments 5, hair-like, 
very short. Anthers united into a cylindrical tube, as long as the 
florets. Germen (see fig. 2.) inversely egg-shaped. Style (see figs. 
2 & 3.) thread-shaped, as long as the stamens. Stigmas oblong, 
reflexed. Seed (fig. 5.) inversely egg-shaped, somewhat angular. 
Pappus (fig. 5.) sessile, rough (see fig. 6.) or feathery, permanent. 
Receptacle (see fig. 4.) chaffy or hairy, flat. 
Distinguished from other genera, with the florets all tubular, in 
the same class and order, by the oblong involucrum of numerous, 
imbricated, unarmed scales ; the rough, nearly equal pappus ; and 
the chaffy or hairy receptacle. 
One species British. 
SERR.VTULA TINCTO'RIA. Common Saw-wort. 
Spec. Char. Leaves pinnatifid, finely serrated. Outer scales 
of the involucrum egg-shaped, appressed ; inner ones (fig. 4.) strap- 
shaped, coloured. 
Engl. Bot. t. 38. — Linn. Sp. PI. 1144. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 349. — 
Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 845. Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 382. — With. (7th ed. ) v. iii. p 907. 
— Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 435. — Lindl. Syn. p. 154. — Hook. Br. FI. p. 349. — 
Lighlf. FI. Scot. v. i. p.447. — Sibth. FI. Oxon. p.243. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 
174. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p.383. — Relh. FI. Cantab. (3rd ed.) p. 328. — Davies’ 
Welsh Bot. p. 75 — Hook. FI. Scot, p.235. — FI. Devon, pp. 132 & 156. — Walk. 
FI. of Oxf. p.229. — Winch’s FI. of North, and Durham, p. 52. — Curt. Br. Ent. 
v. iv. 1. 183. Bab. FI. Bath. p. 27.— Mack. Catal. of PL of ire), p. 71. — Serrd- 
tula, Ray’s Syn. p. 196. — Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 713. 
Localities. — In woods and thickets, also on heaths, and in grassy pastures. 
Frequent in most counties in England; more rare in Scotland. — Ox/ordsk. By 
the side of the foot-path between Bullington Green and Shotover Hill ; in Head- 
ington Wick Copse; and in woods near Begbrook : W. B . — Berks ; In Cumnot 
Meadow, in great abundance: W. B. — Bedfordsh, Common: Rev. C. Abbot.— 
Cambridgesh. Madingley, Eversden, and Kingston Woods : Rev. R. Relhan. 
Fig. 1. Involucrum. — Fig. 2. A Floret. — Fig. 3. Ditto. — Fig. 4. The Involu- 
crum and Receptacle after the seeds had escaped. — Fig. 5- A Seed, crowned 
with the sessile, simple, rough pappus. — Fig. 6. Part of one of the Rays of the 
Pappus. — Fig. 7. A separate scale of the Receptacle.— F’igs. 2, 6, & 7, more or 
less magnified. - 
* From serrula, a little saw, which the margins of the leaves represent. 
Hooker. t See Tussilago farfara, folio 91, note f. 
t See Sonchus olcraceus, f. 147, n. f. § See Prenanthes muralis, f. 27, a. 
