(176.) 
FCENl'CULUM* * 
Linnean Class and Order.. Penta'ndriaI, Digy’nia. 
Natural Order. Umbelli'ferae, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 218. — Sm. 
Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. 
of Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p.517. 
— Umbellate, Linn . — Rosales ; subtype, Angelicidas ; Burn. 
Outl. of Bot. pp. 614 & 774. 
Gen. Char. Flowers all uniform, perfect, and prolific. Calyx 
obsolete. Corolla (fig. 1.) of 5 roundish, entire petals, with a nearly 
square, retuse, involute apex. Filaments (see fig. 1.) 5, about the 
length of the petals, spreading, incurved. Anthers roundish. 
Germen (fig. 2.) inferior, egg-shaped, striated, blunt, a little com- 
pressed. Styles (see fig. 2.) 2, tumid at the base, very short in the 
flower, afterwards a little elongated and recurved. Stigmas sim- 
ple. Fruit (fig. 3.) nearly circular X, very slightly compressed, 
contracted at the summit, and crowned with the permanent styles. 
Carpels ( seeds of Linn.,/ (see figs. 4, 5, & 6.) with 5 prominent, 
obtusely keeled ridges, (see fig. 6, a.) of which the lateral ones are 
marginal, and a little broader than the others. Interstices ( channels ) 
(see fig. 6, b.) with single vittce. Seed nearly half-circular. Invo- 
lucrum none. Flowers yellow. 
The perfect umbels ; roundish, entire petals, with a retuse, in- 
volute apex ; nearly circular fruit ; the carpels with 5 prominent, 
obtusely keeled ridges, (of which the lateral ones are marginal and 
a little broader) ; and the interstices with single vittce ; will distin- 
guish this from other genera in the same class and order. 
One species British. 
FCENl'CULUM VULGA'RE. Common Fennel. Finckle. 
Spec. Char. Leaves twice ternate ; leaflets strap-shaped, fili- 
form, pinnatifid. Segments awl-shaped. Hooker. 
Ttay’s Syn. p. 217. — Johnson’s Gerarde, 1032. — Lindl. Syn. p. 119.— Hook. 
Brit. FI. p. 122. — Fceniculum vulgaris. Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 525. — Ani- 
thum fceniculum, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 377. — Engl. Bot. t 1208. — Woodv. Med. 
Bot. v. iii. p. 441. t. 160. — Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 126. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. i. 
p. 329. — Abbot’s FI. Bedf. p. 67. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p.31. — Relh. FI. Cant. 
(3rd ed.) p. 125. — FI. Devon, pp. 53 & 165.— Loudon’s Encyclop. of Gard. (ed. 
1835) p. 868. parag. 4505. — Baxt. Lib. of Agricul. & Horticul. Knowl. (2nded.) 
p. 228. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Irel. p. 30. — Mium Fceniculum, Spreng. Prod, 
p. 32.— Sm. Engl. FI. v.ii. p. 85. — With. (7th ed.) v. ii. p.393. — Winch’s FL 
of Northumb. and Durham, p. 20. 
Locauties. — On chalky cliffs, plentiful. — Bedfordsh. Evershold, in a deep 
ditch near the church : Rev. C. Abbot. — Berks ; Abundant on the banks of the 
river Loddon, near Sandhurst: Miss Delamotte.— Cambridgesh. FoulmireMill, 
Triplow, and Burwell Pit: Rev. R. Relhan. — Cornwall; Near Penzance : Mr. 
Watson, in New Bot. Guide. Near Marazion, plentiful : Mr. Watt. — Devon ; 
Fig. 1. Corolla. — Fig. 2. Germen and Pistils. — Fig. 3. Fruit. — Fig. 4. A Car- 
pel. — Fig.5. The same magnified. — Fig. 6. Transverse section of aCarpel more 
highly magnified. — a. One of the Ridges ; b. One of the Vittae. 
* From foenum, hay ; its smell being compared to that of hay. Hooker. 
t See Anchusa sempervirens, fol. 48, note f. 
t That is, it presents nearly a circle, on a transverse section, see fig. 6, which 
represents a transverse section of a carpel, or half the fruit. 
