( 177 .) 
CA'RDUUS* *. 
Linnean Class §■ Order. SYNGENE'siAf, Polyga'mia, jEqua- 
LisJ. 
Natural Order. Compo'sitag§ ; tribe, Cynarocephalje, Juss. 
— Lindl. Syn. pp. 140 & 152 ; Introd. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. pp. 197 
& 200. — Compo'sitve ; subord. Cardua'ceae ; Loud. Hort. Brit, 
pp. 520 & 521. — Synanthe'reas ; tribe, Cynarocephalae ; 
Rich, by Macgilliv. pp. 454 & 455. — Cinarocephalae, sect 1. 
Juss. Gen. PI. pp. 171 & 172.— Sm. Gram, of Bot. p. 121. Engl. 
FI. v. iii. p. 334. — Syringa'les ; type, Cynarace^e ; Burn. Outl. 
of Bot. pp. 900 & 931. — Compo'sitae, Linn. 
Gen. Char. Involucrum ( common calyx ) (fig. 1.) tumid, im- 
bricated, of numerous, spear-shaped, spinous-pointed scales, per- 
manent. Corolla (fig. 2.) compound, nearly or quite uniform ; 
florets (see figs. 3 & 4.) very numerous, perfect, equal, tubular, 
funnel-shaped; tube slender, recurved; limb egg-shaped at the 
base, with 5 strap-shaped segments, one of which is a little distant 
from the rest. Filaments 5, hair-like, very short. Anthers (see 
fig. 5.) united into a 5-toothed cylindrical tube, about as long as 
the florets. German (see fig. 3.) inversely egg-shaped. Style (see 
figs. 3, 4, & 5.) thread-shaped, prominent. Stigma simple, or 
cloven, oblong, naked. Seed-vessel none. Seed (see fig. 7.) in- 
versely egg-shaped, with 4 sbght unequal angles, and a slender, 
terminal, cylindrical point. Pappus (see figs. 7 & 8.) sessile, hair- 
like, rough, very long, annular at the base, deciduous. Receptacle 
(see fig. 6.) flat, hairy. 
The tumid involucrum, of numerous, imbricated, spinous-pointed 
scales; the hairy receptacle ; and the rough, deciduous pappus; 
will distinguish this from other genera, with tubular florets, in the 
same class and order. 
Four species British. 
CA'RDUUS NUTANS. Nodding Thistle. Musk Thistle. 
Spec. Char. Leaves interruptedly decurrent, spinous. Flowers 
solitary, drooping. Scales of the involucrum spear-shaped, cottony, 
outer ones spreading. 
Engl Bot. t II 12.— Ray's Syn. p. 193.— Linn. Sp. PI. p. 1150.— Huds. FI. 
•Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 350. — Sm. FI. Brit. v. ii. p. 848. Engl. FI. v. iii. p. 384. — 
With. (7th ed.) v. iii. p. 910. — Gray's Nat. Arr. v. ii. p. 436.— Lindl. Syn. p. 
155. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 350.— Lit! a if. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 450.— Sioth. FI. Oxon. 
p.244. — Abbot's FI. Bedf. p. 175. — Purt. Midi. FI. v. ii. p.379. — llelh. FI. 
Cant. (3rd ed.)p. 329. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 75. — Hook. FI. Scot. p. 235. — 
Grev. FI. Kdin. p. 171. — FI. Devon, pp. 133 & 156. — Johnst. FI. of Berw. v. i. 
p. 178. — Winch's FI. of Nortlmmb. and Durham, p. 52. — Walk. FI. of Oxf. p. 
229. — Perry’s PI. Varv. Selector, p. 67. — Bab. FI. Bath. p. 27. — Mack. Catal. of 
PI. of Irel. p.71. — Cdrduus muscatus, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 1174. 
tig. 1. Involucrum. — Fig. 2. Corolla. — Figs. 3 & 4. Separate Florets. — Fig. 5. 
The five united Anthers, and the Germen crowned with the Pappus, Style, aud 
Stigma.— Fig. 6. The Involucrum divided virtically, showing the hairy Recep- 
tacle, and the Seeds. — Fig. 7. A Seed, crowned with the Pappus. — Fig. 8. Part 
of a Ray of the Pappus.— Figs. 4Jt8. more or less magnified. 
* Supposed to he derived from ard in Celtic, a point ; whence also ardos in 
Greek ; arduns, in Latin ; and cardo ; in allusion to the numerous points with 
which it is beset. 
t See f. 91, n. f- t See f. 147, n. i, $ See f. 27, a. 
