( 17 !).) 
KNAUTIA*. 
Linnean Class and Order. Tetra'ndria f, Munogy'nia. 
Natural Order. Dipsa'cete, Juss. Gen. PI. p. 194. — Lindl. 
Syn. p. 139. ; Introduct. to Nat. Syst. of Bot. p. 193. — Rich, by 
Macgilliv. p.457. — Loud. Hort. Brit, p.520. — Syringales ; sub- 
order, AsteroSvE ; sect. Valerinje; type, Dipsace.e; Bum. 
Outl. of Bot. v. ii. pp. 900, 901, 916, & 918. — Aggregate, Linn. 
Gen. Char. Involucrnm (common calyx ) (fig. 1.) of many 
spreading leaves, surrounding the common receptacle, to which they 
are attached ; the innermost gradually smaller. Proper Calyx (see 
fig. 7.) double; the outer (involucellum, l.indl.y compressed, with 
4 little excavations, closely surrounding the fruit, toothed at the 
apex, having 2 of the teeth larger than the other 2, placed on a 
short stalk; the inner (calyx, Lindl.,/ somewhat cup-shaped. 
Corolla (figs, 2,3, 5, & 6.) of each flower monopetalous, tubular, 
dilated upwards; limb in 4 or 5 equal, or unequal, segments. 
Filaments (see figs. 2, 3, & 6.) 4, spreading, lax, from the mouth 
of the corolla, longer than its limb. Anthers oblong, incumbent. 
Germcn inferior. Style (fig. 4.) thread-shaped. Stigma blunt, 
cloven. Fruit (see fig. 7.) compressed, with 4 pores on depressed 
points, upon a short stalk. Common Receptacle convex, hairy. 
The many-leaved involucrnm ; the double calyx ; the outer com- 
pressed, with 4 little excavations, closely surrounding the fruit, 
placed on a short stalk ; and the inner with a somewhat cup-shaped 
limb ; will distinguish this from other genera, with a monopetalous, 
superior corolla, in the same class and order. 
One species British. 
KNA'UTIA ARVENSIS. Field Knautia. Field Scabeous. 
Great Blue-caps. 
Spec. Char. Heads many-flowered. Outer calyx with very 
minute teeth ; inner with 8 or 16 somewhat awmed ciliae. Coulter. 
Lindl. Syn. p. 140. ~IIook. Brit. FI. p.60. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. and 
Durham, p. 9. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. and Bot. v. iii. p. 587. — Bab. FI. 
Bath. p.'24. — Scabio.su arvensis, Linn. Sp. PI. p. 143. — Kngl. Bot. t. 659. — 
Curt. FI. Lond. t 24.8. — lluds. FI. Angl. (2nd ed.) p. 62. — Sin. FI. Brit v. i. p. 
170. Engl. FI. v. i. p. 19a. — With. (7thed.lv ii. p. 21 8. — Gray’sNat. Arr.v.ii. 
p. 477.— -Lightf. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 114. — Sib. FI. Oxon. p. 55. — Abbot’s FI. Bi df. 
p. 29. — Puit. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 95.— Belli. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 56 — Davie,’ 
Welsh Bot. p. 14. — Hook. FI. Scot, p.49.— Grev. FI. Edin. p. 34. — FI. Devon, 
pp. 25 St 162. — Johnst. FI. of Berwick, v. i. p.35. — Walk. Fl.ofOxf. p. 35. — 
Alack. Cat. of PI. of lrel. p. 17. — Sca.bio.sa major communion, folio tuciniato, 
Bay’s Syn. p. 191. — S’, major vulyans, Johnson’s Gerarde, p. 719. 
Eoca cities. — I n pastures, corn-fields, and waste places. Common. 
Perennial. — Flowers in July and August. 
Fig. 1. lnvolucrum. — Fig. 2. A Floret of the Circumference. — Fig. 3. The 
same opened virtically to show the situation of the Stamens. — Fig. 5. A Floret 
of the Disk.— Fig. 6. File same opened vertically. — Fig. 4. Gertnen, Style, and 
Stigma. — Fig. 7. The Involucellum, and the Calyx, or theo«/erand inner Calyx 
of LiNN/tus. — Fig. 8. The Fruit, crowned by the inner Calyx ; a little maynijied, 
* So named in honour of Christopher Knaut, physician at Halle, in Saxony, 
who died in 1694 ; author of a Catalogue of Plants growing in the neighbour- 
hood of Halle. Don. 
t J'cc Lomus sanyuiuea, folio 114, note f. 
