( 235 .) 
SANI'CULA.* *. 
Linnean Class and Order. Penta'ndria J, Digy'nia. 
Natural Order. Umbelli'feras, Juss. Gen. PI. p.218. — Sm. 
Gram, of Bot. p. 132. — Lindl. Syn. p. 111. ; Introd. to Nat. Syst.of 
Bot. p. 4. — Rich, by Macgilliv. p. 463. — Loud. Hort. Brit. p. 517. — 
Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. & Bot. v. iii. p. 235. — Mack. FI. Hibern. 
pt. i. p. 113 . — Umbellate, Linn. — Rosales; sect. Angeh- 
ciNAD ; type, Angelicace.® ; subtype, Saniculidte, Burn. Outl. 
of Bot. pp. 614, 770, 773, & 774. 
Gen. Char. Flowers separated ; the central ones (fig. 3.) barren ; 
marginal ones (fig. 2.) fertile, without stamens. Calyx superior ; 
that of the barren flower (fig. 1.) small, in 5, acute segments ; that 
of the fertile flowers (fig. 2.) larger, of 5, nearly equal, internally 
coloured segments. Petals in the barren flower (fig. 3.) 5, upright, 
nearly equal, spear-shaped, with long inflexed, converging points 
(see fig. 4.) ; in the fertile ones, either deciduous, or entirely want- 
ing. Filaments 5, hair-like, spreading, twice as long as the petals. 
Anthers roundish. Germen roundish, bristly ; wanting, or scarcely 
perceptible, in the central flowers. Styles (see figs. 2 & 5.) 2, re- 
flexed, awl-shaped, about as long as the calyx, permanent. Stigmas 
blunt. Fruit nearly globose. Carpels (see fig. 6.) densely clothed 
with hooked prickles, destitute of ribs ; but furnished with many 
vitta. Seed half round (convex on the outer side, flat on the inner). 
Universal Involucrum of few leaves, usually divided. Partial ln- 
volucrum of many entire leaves. 
Distinguished from other genera, in the same class and order, by 
the 5 leafy teeth of the calyx ; the upright, spear-shaped petals, 
with long, inflexed, converging points; the nearly globose fruit ; 
the carpels without ridges, but with many vittae, and densely clothed 
with hooked prickles ; and by the half round seed. 
One species British. 
SANI'CULA EUROPjE'A. European Sanicle. Wood Sanicle. 
Spec. Char. Radical Leaves simple, deeply lobed. Flowers 
polygamous, all nearly sessile, in little capitate umbellules. 
Engl. Bot. t. 98. — Linn. Sp. PI p. 339. — YVilld. Sp. PI. v. i. pt. u. p. 1366. 
Huds. FI. Angl. (2nd edit.) p. 110. — Sm. FI. Brit. vol. i. p. 291. Engl. FI. 
v. ii. p.36. — With. (7th edit.) v. ii. p.362. — Gray’s Nat. Arr. v. ii. p.499. — 
Lind. Syn. p. 127. — Hook. Brit. FI. p. 135. — Light. FI. Scot. v. i. p. 154. — 
Sibth. FI. Oxon. p.91. — Abb. FI. Bed. p. 57. — Davies’ Welsh Bot. p. 27. — 
Purt. Midi. FI. v. i. p. 148.-Relh. FI. Cant. (3rd ed.) p. 110 —Hook. FI. Scot, 
p. 87. — Grev. FI. Edin. p. 61. — FI. Devon, pp. 47 6c 165. — Johnston’s FI. of 
Berw. v. i. p.66. — Winch’s FI. of Northumb. 6c Durham, p. 18. — Walker’s FI. 
of Oxf. p. 74. — Don’s Gen. Syst. of Gard. 3c Bot. v. iii. p. 264. — Bab. FI. Bath, 
p. 22. — Mack. Catal. of PI. of Ireland ; FI. Hibernica, pt. i. p. 128.— Sanicula, 
she Diapensia, Kay’s Syn. p. 221. — Johnson’s Gerarde. p. 948. 
Localities. — I n woods and thickets ; frequent. 
Perennial. — Flowers in May and June. 
Fig. 1. Calyx of Barren Flower. — Fig. 2. Germen and Calyx of fertile 
Flower. — Fig. 3. Corolla and Stamen of Barren Flower. — Fig. 4. A separate 
Petal. — Fig. 5. Styles.— Fig. 6. F’ruit. 
* From sano, to heal or cure ; from the supposed healing effects of the 
Sanicula Europeea. t See Anchusa sempervirens, f. 48. n. f. 
