The Census of 1891 and Rural Depopulation. 55 
three; and between 1881 and 1891 thirty. In forty years, 13 
per cent, of the population has been lost. In the case of the 
grazing counties in the South-West the “ exodus began ten 
years earlier ” and “ more gradually.” “ In the two decades 
1851-61 and 1861-71 the numbers were curiously alike in the 
two groups of districts chosen ; but during the last twenty years 
the volume of the migration has been about twice as great in 
the West as in the East.” 
In Tables III. and IV. we have combined the results of the 
Registrar-General and of Dr. Longstaff. In Table III. we have 
shown in the first column (A) those registration counties which 
exhibited an actual decrease of population in the last census, 
and we have arranged them in the order of magnitude of their 
decrease. In the next three columns we have shown the per- 
centage of decrease of these counties according to each of the 
three methods followed by the Registrar-General, first (B) taking 
the rural districts by themselves, then (C) adding to them the 
towns under 5,000 inhabitants, and then (D) those under 10,000; 
and we have added to the counties enumerated in the first column 
those mentioned by the Registrar-General under the new heading. 
In another column (E) we have given the percentages of de- 
crease for all these counties calculated according to Dr. Longstaff ’s 
method of arriving at the rural population. To these figures we 
have added three additional columns, showing, (a), the decrease 
of population between the census of 1871 and that of 1881 in 
the case of the registration counties, calculated according to the 
simple enumeration of the census ; (/ 3 ), the same decrease 
calculated according to Dr. Longstaff’s method ; and ( 7 ), Dr. 
Longstaff’s results for the whole twenty years from 1871 to 1891. 
In Table IV. we have shown the order in which the counties 
distinguished 1 by the Registrar- General as those which have 
exhibited an important decrease stand in the different columns. 
In Table V. we have given the recorded figures of the farmers, 
farm bailiffs, labourers, and shepherds, for the seven English 
counties so distinguished. 
From Tables III. and IY. it will be seen that the claims of 
the Welsh counties of Montgomeryshire, Cardiganshire, Radnor- 
shire, and Flintshire, to the first places in the list for the last 
decade are undisputed. But there are certain differences 
between the results of the several methods which will reward 
attention. The increase in the Registrar-General’s list of 
counties which have diminished in population, from thirteen in 
1 We have omitted Cornwall for the reasons which were previously stated. 
Flintshire, Cardiganshire, and Montgomeryshire, also seem to have been 
affected by a considerable decline of lead miners. 
