126 Annual Report for 1893 from the Principal of the 
the inflamed lung, as was ascertained by a microscopie examination 
and by making cultures. 
These experiments, therefore, sufficed to prove that this bac- 
terium was the actual cause of the outbreak among the farm turkeys. 
Numerous experiments have since been made to test its virulence 
for other animals ; and its characters in respect of size, mode of 
staining, and appearances when cultivated on various substances 
have been studied. As a result it has been definitely established 
that the bacterium constitutes a new species, in many respects closely 
related to the germ of fowl cholera, but easily distinguished from 
that by its feeble virulence for pigeons and fowls. 
Diseases caused by Animal Parasites. 
Inflammation of the Intestines caused by Worms . — During the 
year several cases have come under observation in which fatal 
disease was excited in 
horses by the presence 
of the Strongylus tetra- 
canthus. The most ag- 
gi’avated case was the 
one from which the pre- 
paration represented in 
tig. 4 was taken. The 
lining membrane of the 
large bowel of this colt 
was inflamed through- 
out, but even close in- 
spection with the naked 
eye might have failed 
to detect the cause of 
this inflammation, al 
though that became 
very obvious on micro- 
scopic examination. A 
small quantity of liquid 
scraped from the sur- 
face of the large bowel at any point and magnified about thirty 
times showed young worms of the above-mentioned species in great 
numbers (see fig. 4). In all the cases investigated the history was 
the same. The disease occurred in colts at grass or recently taken 
up from grass, and the symptoms present were unthriftiness, soon 
followed by most obstinate diarrhoea and rapid loss of condition. 
Some of the cases died in spite of the liberal administration of worm 
medicines. Probably early diagnosis, which might be made from a 
microscopic examination of the fseces, and prompt treatment are all- 
important in determining success. 
In five cases from different farms very similar symptoms in 
young cattle were found to be due to the presence of a minute 
strongyle in the fourth stomach and the bowel. In all of these 
