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Senior Examination Papers, 1894 . 
5. How do cast iron, wrought iron, and steel differ in chemical com- 
position ? Mention the chief methods in use for protecting iron from rust, 
and explain the principle on which each of them depends. 
6. Explain how to detect each of the following substances when it is pre- 
sent in a solution : copper, mercury, zinc, barium, silica. 
7. Of the common compounds of lead which are soluble, more or less, and 
which are quite insoluble in water ? Explain the action of litharge on an 
oil, such as palm oil, or olive oil. 
8. What is an antiseptic ? Show, by examples, that most antiseptics 
belong to one of two classes, either mineral poisons or reducing agents. 
9. State the relation between cane sugar and grape sugar. How can 
starch be converted into sugar, and alcohol into acetic acid ? State the nature 
of the chemical change in each case. 
10. State the chemical composition of each of the following substances, 
and give an account of its chief chemical properties: urea, ether, phenol, oil 
of turpentine. 
EXAMINATION IN CHEMISTRY. 
Maximum Number of Marks, 200. Pass Number, 100. 
Part B. Agricultural Chemistry. 
Friday, May 11 th, from 10 a.m. till lp.m. 
1 . Show by typical analyses the differences of chemical composition between 
White Turnips, Swedes, and Mangels. Name the constituents upon which 
the value of the roots as feeding materials chiefly depends, and what circum- 
stances may modify the relative proportions of these constituents. 
2. Suppose a farmer about to purchase for use on his land (a) nitrate of 
soda, (b) bone-meal, (c) basic slag, (d) mineral superphosphate, (e) kainit., 
(/) dissolved bones, what ought he to stipulate for in each case when giving 
his order ? Give your reasons for this. 
3. What are the chief impediments to the utilisation of sewage as a 
manurial source ? Describe any method of obtaining it in a portable form ; 
and, when so obtained, on what class of land and for what purposes is it best 
utilised ? 
4. State anything you know as to the class of land most liable to “ finger 
and toe,” and say whether there is anything to lead to the belief that the 
prevalence or absence of the disease has any relation to the constituents of 
the soil; also, what influence any particular kind of manuring may possibly 
exercise upon the spread of disease. 
5. Describe the chief characteristics of what is known generally as “ Prout’s 
system ” of continuous corn-growing. On what class of land, and under what 
conditions, is it most likely to be successful ? What modifications of it has it 
been found necessary to introduce ? 
6. What is the “ripening” of cheese? Under what conditions does it 
proceed best, and what are the principal changes that take place during the 
process ? 
EXAMINATION IN BOOK-KEEPING. 
Maximum Number of Marks, 200. Pass Number, 100. 
Thursday, May 10 th, from 2 p.m. till 5 p.m. 
To lessen the number of entries in the ledger, the single heading “Live 
Stock ” may comprise all the animals except horses ; single entries may also 
be used for “Rent, Rates, Taxes, and Insurance,” for “ Seeds, Manures, and 
Foods Purchased,” for “ Tradesmen’s Bills and Petty Cash,” and for “Corn, 
Hay, and Straw.” 
Journalise the following transactions ; post them into a ledger make out 
a Balance Sheet and a Profit and Loss Account. 
