511 
Typical Farms in Fast Anglia. 
buildings are extensive and superior. The tenancy is from year to year, and 
the conditions are in every way liberal. 
Putting the whole under one farm, seeing there are no separate accounts 
kept of these two tenancies, the following table may be given : — 
Arable 
Grass 
Rent 
including 
tithes 
Average 
rates ior 
past 2 
years 
Gross 
labour, ave- 
rage of past 
2 years 
Gross ex- 
penditure 
for manures, 
average of 
past 2 years 
Gross ex- 
penditure 
for cake, 
corn, Ac., 
average of 
past 2 years 
Average 
of past 
2 years of 
labour 
per acre 
aores 
1,200 
acres 
110, all 
pastured 
£ s. d. 
1,151 0 0 
£ s. d. 
118 11 5 
£ s. d. 
1,718 8 0 
£ i. d. 
380 18 10 
£ s. d. 
1,390 19 8 
£ s. d. 
1 5 9j 
On May 29, when the farm was visited, the live stock were — 
221 cattle. 10 pigs. 
1080 sheep. I Some 200 head of poultry. 
82 horses. 1 
The cattle consisted of 41 Jersey cows, some 20 young Jersey stock, and 
the remainder of feeding steers. 
These feeding steers are mostly Shorthorns, although occasionally a few 
Herefords are grazed and are bought in during the autumn, fed in yards 
through the winter, and sold off the pastures during the summer. Their 
winter food consists of roots, straw, and about 5 lb. of cake per day, 
although in the matter of cake there is no fixed rule, the condition of the 
stock and the state of the markets regulating this to some extent. On the 
grass a liberal supply of cake is given, 4 to G lb. per day, as may seem 
necessary. 
A few years ago Mr. Ellis turned his attention to dairy farming, and 
having secured a market in London for his butter, made entirely from the 
milk of Jersey cows, he is satisfied that a portion of his grass land of rather 
poorer quality yields a better return under these Jersey cows than when 
grazed with steers. 
Till October 1893 the number of Jersey cows was kept at 25, but, as 
has been said, there are now 41 on the farm. The gross receipts from 
October 1892 to October 1893 were 53 81. 3s. 8 d. This was for butter alone, 
as no calves were sold and nothing was counted for skim-milk used on the 
farm and given to pigs, poultry, &c. 
Every care is taken to maintain the high standard of excellence which 
secures a ready sale for the butter in London. With the increased stock of 
cows on the farm, about three-fourths of the calves have been fed off as veal, 
only the best of the heifer calves being kept. Heifers are put to breed at 
about nine months old, which brings them into the dairy at a little over 18 
months. 
There is nothing elaborate about the buildings on the home farm, but 
cleanliness and the comfort of the animals are carefully attended to. While 
on the subject of buildings it may be noticed that at convenient centres on 
this wide farm there are yards erected, and bullocks are fed on the roots and 
fodder grown in the fields in close proximity, so that both in food and 
manure carting there is a great saving. The average amount received for 
bullocks sold during the past five years was 3,932/. 12s. 
With regard to the sheep stock there are now about 550 ewes in place 
of 80 to 100, which were kept a few years ago. The low price of grain led 
