Typical Farms in Fast Anglia. 
513 
sale of milk. Thirty-five to forty cows are milked, and being close by the 
station the milk is sent by train to Yarmouth and London. At one time 
the cows, and in fact the cattle stock, were Norfolk Polls, but owing to the 
repeated losses through that great scourge to all dairy farmers — abortion — - 
rearing of home-bred stock and adhering to a particular breed have been 
abandoned. The cows at present on the farm are of all breeds and are 
brought in near, or after calving, to suit the requirements of the dairy. 
They are milked at half-past five in the morning and at half-past four in the 
afternoon. Two men and two boys do the milking. In winter the cows 
are tied up and fed on shredded roots mixed with cut hay and straw, with 
decorticated cotton and linseed cakes, and meal. A careful man, as feeder, 
attends to the wants of the cows individually, and no hard and fast rule is 
laid down as to the amount of artificial food each cow is to receive. In the 
summer the cows are grazed on the meadows. These consist of a tract of 
land along the sides of a stream, and, although fair grass, are by no means 
first-rate pastures. A portion of the land is low-lying and full of water 
grasses of little value, and one can quite understand that it suits a dairy 
stock better than a fattening one. 
A Shorthorn bull runs with the cows, but, as has been said, very few 
young cattle are reared. Whether the system now being pursued is more 
or less profitable than when, as formerly, the dairy cows were almost all 
pure-bred Polls, and the produce were reared so that the herd was self-sus- 
taining, and perhaps more, I had no direct evidence. I could gather, how- 
ever, from Mr. Baly, that necessity, not inclination, drove him to a mixed — 
what might be termed a flying-stock. 
A considerable quantity of moss litter is used in the cow houses and 
sheds, and the liquid manure is collected in a tank to be carted out and dis- 
tributed over the grass land for mowing. This mowing land forms no por- 
tion of the old grass land, but is new-laid to be broken up as the tenant 
feels inclined. 
At present there is a plot of some four acres of lucerne, a very heavy 
crop, where, last winter, the liquid manure was distributed. With a dairy 
stock attention must necessarily be given to the growth of crops to suit the 
requirements of the cattle at the different seasons of the year. Mr. Baly 
seemed fully alive to this, and with vetches at different stages of growth, 
cabbages of early and late varieties, and different sowings of soft turnips, the 
sufficiency of feed for his cows in milk was fully assured. 
There were at the time I visited the farm fifty-five cattle in all, six of 
these being young calves, while several dry barren cows were being fatted 
for the butcher. 
There were five pigs and 160 head of poultry. The poultry are kept for 
their eggs, which are sent to Yarmouth to the parties who get the milk. 
No chickens are reared, but they are bought when able to scratch for them- 
selves at a shilling each. The poultry houses are primitive, and the fowls 
seem to receive less attention than some might think they deserve. 
11. The Farm o/Mr. John Morton, West Rudham Hall, 
Sic a ff ham, Norfolk. 
Mr. John Morton has been tenant of this farm for nearly 11 years. 
It is about 200 feet above sea-level, and the annual rainfall is about 23 
inches. The soil is a light, friable one on a chalk, gravel, and clay subsoil. 
Taken all through, it must be classed as good land, and, being well managed, 
it is productive and clean. 
It is held under a yearly tenancy from the owner, the Marquis of 
Cholmondeley. The agreement is in accordance with the Agricultural 
