517 
Typical Farms in East Anglia. 
It is a light porous soil, for the most part resting on gravel, and is from 
1 0 to 50 feet above sea level. 
The Whitlingham Hall farm is held on lease under peculiar conditions, 
while the other two are ordinary yearly tenancies. 
In attempting to give some idea of this large holding and its many 
features, I can only, in the space at my command, touch a few of what 
seemed to me the most striking, knowing well that I must overlook a 
number of important ones. 
The following table gives the extent of the holding, and the working 
aud other expenses for last year : — 
Arable 
Grass 
Rent 
Rates 
Artificial 
manures 
Cake, 
corn, &c. 
Gross 
labour 
Labour 
per acre 
acres 
691 
acres 
441 
£ s. it. 
1,535 8 0 
£ s. d. 
174 8 8 
£ s. (1. 
160 0 0 
£ s. d. 
2,807 11 0 
£ s. (1. 
2,845 18 0 
£ s. <1. 
2 9 8 
The actual amount paid for cakes and other food brought on to the land was 
1,0827. lLs., aud home-grown corn to the value of 1,7257. was consumed, 
whilst some 90 tons of wheat straw, 90 tons of hay, 465 tons of mangel, and 
45 tons of swedes were sold off the farm. 
The portion of the farm known as Whitlingham Hall is, as has been in- 
dicated, held under peculiar conditions. Taken from the Corporation of 
Norwich, the tenant is bound, under his agreement, to receive the sewage 
of the city of Norwich, which is spread over some 340 acres, of which 40 
acres belong to the farm held from Messrs. Colman. 
About 140 acres of the irrigated land is under grass, which is all pastured 
during summer. In the middle of the summer when the grass grows faster 
than it can be fed off it is cut and made into silage for winter use. The 
sewage grass, although difficult to save as hay, is easily converted into 
valuable feed in the form of silage. 
The arable portion of the sewage-dressed land is worked on a two-course 
system — mangel and oats alternately. This has been found to be the most 
suitable course of cropping, and has been adhered to for a considerable time. 
Under the Whitlingham lease the tenant, at his own expense, does all 
repairs, finding all materials and labour, hut by his agreement he has a 
claim, at the expiry of his lease, for all permanent improvements he may 
effect, such as erection of buildings, making ducts, sluices, &c. 
He may crop as he sees fit, and sell off what he likes. 
Excluding the small area of arable land under irrigation, the whole of 
the ploughing land on the entire holding is farmed under the usual four- 
course Norfolk rotation — wheat, roots, barley, hay. 
With regard to the system of manuring, for wheat, some 11 to 12 loads 
of farmyard manure are spread on the clover roots (ollands) to he ploughed 
in. About the end of March or beginning of April a mixture of 3 cwt. of 
broad salt and i cwt. of nitrate of soda is applied per acre. 
For mangel some 10 loads of farmyard manure, 3 cwt. of salt, and 1 cwt. 
of nitrate of soda are applied per acre before sowing, and a further dressing 
of 1 cwt. of nitrate of soda per acre is given after the plants are singled. 
When farmyard manure is scarce 4 cwt. of superphosphate is substituted. 
For barley, where the roots have been carted off, 2 cwt. of superphosphate 
per acre is applied to the land about a month before seeding time, and 1 cwt. 
per acre of nitrate of soda just as the young plant is showing above ground. 
No artificial manure is applied where sheep have been folded on the roots. 
Mixed clover and other seeds are sown with the barley, and after the 
VOL. V. T. 8 . — 19 M M 
