Vaccination against Anthrax. 
803 
Farm II. — On this farm 4 sheep and 7 cattle had died from 
anthrax during the previous twelve months. In consequence of this 
serious loss among the cattle, the tenant had given up keeping that 
class of stock, and at the time of the vaccinations there was only 1 
cow on the farm. The other stock comprised about 100 yearling 
ewes, 250 ewes with lambs, 5 rams, and 11 horses. On March 2 the 
first vaccination was performed on 85 yearling ewes, while 5 of the 
same lot were left unvaccinated, to serve subsequently as control 
animals. No accident followed the first vaccination, and the sheep 
did not appear in any way affected by it. 
On March 16 the above 85 yearling ewes were subjected to the 
second vaccination, and at the same time 225 ewes with lambs, 11 
yearling ewes, 5 rams, 1 cow, and 10 horses were subjected to the 
first vaccination. A number of adult ewes were left unvaccinated, 
as it was intended to send them soon to the butcher. No accident 
followed these vaccinations, but 1 of the 85 vaccinated yearling ewes 
died from anthrax on April 4. 
On March 30, 225 ewes, 1 cow, 3 rams, and 10 horses were 
subjected to the second vaccination. Daring the course of the 
following eleven days, 16 of the vaccinated ewes died from anthrax, 
namely, as follows : — April 2, 3 ewes ; April 3, 2 ewes ; April 4, 
1 ewe; April 5, 3 ewes; April 6, 2 ewes; April 9, 4 ewes; and 
April 10, 1 ewe. 
I have said that all of these animals died from anthrax ; but it 
is right to state that only 7 of them were submitted to a post-mortem 
examination. In all of these the post-mortem appearances were 
indicative of anthrax, and in 2 the spleen pulp was found to be 
swarming with anthrax bacilli. In these 2 the post-mortem was 
made four hours after death, but in the others a considerably longer 
interval had elapsed, and putrefaction had advanced so far as to 
make it impossible to discover anthrax bacilli. 
Between the date of the vaccinations and April 11, 4 lambs 
belonging to vaccinated ewes also died ; only 1 of these was veri- 
fied as a case of anthrax. This lamb was forwarded to me for ex- 
amination, the result showing that its blood was swarming with 
anthrax bacilli. Presumably the cause of death was the same in 
the other 3. These lambs, which were from three to four weeks old, 
had not been vaccinated, but in all probability they had become 
infected by means of the bacilli contained in the milk of their 
mothers. Since April 11 no case of anthrax has occurred on this 
farm. 
Farm III. — Precise information regarding the number of 
animals that have died from anthrax on this farm during the pre- 
ceding twelve months was not obtainable, but there was a history of 
the disease extending back for a good many years. On a previous 
occasion the cattle had been vaccinated against anthrax by the 
Pasteurian method, and the tenant was very much against a re- 
petition of the operation, on the alleged ground that it had caused 
tuberculosis in a considerable number of the animals operated on. 
On May 1 last, 47 cattle on this farm were submitted to the first 
