806 
Vaccination against Anthrax. 
different vaccin ; and in none of these did any accident occur, nor 
was there any notable swelling at the seat of inoculation. Besides 
that, on the evening of the same day the same syringe and a small 
quantity of the vaccin left over from vaccinating the sheep were used 
to vaccinate at the Royal Veterinary College three young calves 
and two yearling heifers, and no accident followed the operation in 
these cases. In face of these facts I feel bound to reject the explana- 
tion offered by M. Chamberland, and think that the accidents must 
be attributed either to the first vaccin having been too weak, or to 
the second vaccin having been too strong, for the animals operated 
upon. It may be well to add that the ewes among which these 
accidents occurred had been vaccinated for the first time by Professor 
Edgar and myself, and I can therefore vouch for the fact that every 
one of the animals received neither more nor less than the exact dose 
of the vaccin, as measured by the syringe supplied by the company. 
The explanation here given may not be the correct one, but it cer- 
tainly appears to be more plausible than the one suggested by 
M. Chamberland. 
Before stockowners in this country can be expected to submit 
their animals to Pasteurian vaccination, one must be able to lay 
before them information bearing upon — (1) the safety of the opera- 
tion, and (2) the efficacy of it. The preceding part of this article will 
be of some assistance in guiding to a conclusion regarding the first 
of these points, while the following experiments furnish some infor- 
mation regarding the second : — 
Experiment I. — On May 25 last, at 5 p.m., a vaccinated sheep, 
an un vaccinated sheep, and a vaccinated heifer were each inoculated 
with a virulent culture of anthrax. The sheep had been submitted 
to the first vaccination on March 2, and to the second vaccination 
on March 17. The heifer had been vaccinated for the first time on 
March 17, and for the second time on March 30. The result was 
as follows : — The unvaccinated sheep died the following day, at 
5.30 p.m., that is, 24^ hours after inoculation. The vaccinated 
sheep was found dead on the morning of the 27th, at 6.30 a.m., or 
37|- hours after inoculation. The vaccinated heifer began to show 
symptoms of illness on the afternoon of the 27th inst. : respiration was 
hurried, and a swelling as large as the hand had formed at the seat 
of inoculation. On the following days this swelling increased con- 
siderably in extent, while the other symptoms of illness at the same 
time became more aggravated. The animal died on June 1, at 6.30 
p.m., or 6 days 1^ hour after inoculation. 
In all these animals a post-mortem examination proved that 
death was due to uncomplicated anthrax. 
Experiment II . — For this experiment five sheep were used, 
namely : — (1) a vaccinated yearling ewe from Farm II. ; (2) an 
unvaccinated yearling ewe from the same flock ; (3 and 4) vaccin- 
ated ewes from Farm II. ; (5) an unvaccinated ewe from the same 
flock. On July 16, at noon, the first three of these animals had 
poured down their throats a quantity of water in which a culture 
