ORNITHOLOGY, 
21 
Sturnklla Ludoviciana. Vieill. 
Sturnus Ludovicianus. Linn., Syst. Nat. vol. 1. p. 290. sp. 3. — Pr. of Musig - 
nano, Syn. p. 50. sp. 48. 
Alauda magna. Linn., Syst. Nat. vol. 1. p. 289. sp. 11. — Wils., Am. Orn , 
vol. 3. p. 20. pi. 19. f. 2. 
Etourneau de la Louisiane. Buff., PI. Enl. 256. 
Louisian Stare. Penn., Arct. Zool. vol. 2. p. 331. sp. 193. 
Crescent Stare. Id., ib. p. 230. sp. 192. 
Xanthornus Mexicanus. Briss., tom. 2. p. 118. sp. 23. t. 11./. 2. 
Oriolus xanthornus. Linn., Syst. 1 . p. 162. sp. 3. 
Lesser Bonana bird. Edw., t. 243. 
Carouge du Mexique. Buff., Pl. Enl. 5. f. 1. 
Agelaius phceniceus. Vieill. 
Oriolus phoeniceus. Linn., Syst. tom. 1. p. 161. sp. 5. 
Red-winged Starling. A/bin., vol. 1. t. 38. — Catesby, 1. t. 13. 
Red-winged Oriole. Penn., Arct. Zool. vol. 2. p. 255. sp. 140. 
Le Troupiale a ailes rouges. Buff., PI. Enl. 402. 
Mr. Collie’s specimens were taken at San Francisco, where he observed that the species “were 
greyish-black the first year, all black the second, and assumed the scarlet mark on the shoulder the 
third.” Of those which he dissected, he found “the stomach doubly membranous and fleshy. It 
contained larva: of insects, and some farinaceous roots, with gravel. They were found in large and 
numerous Hocks, both among the houses and in the plains, feeding on the ground.” 
Fam. CORVIDAE. 
Corvus corax. Linn., Syst. Nat. vol. 1. p. 155. sp. 2. — Wils., Am. Orn. vol. 9 . 
p. 113. pl. 75. f. 3. — Prince of Musiynano, Syn. p. 56. sp. 58. 
Raven. Penn., Arct. Zool. vol. 2. p. 245. sp. 134. 
Corbeau. Buff., Pl. Enl. 495. 
Garrulus Californicus. n. s. 
Garr. supra pallide caruleus, dorso brunnescenti-f asco ; gula, collo anteriori, plumis paucis superciliaribus, corporeque 
infra albls ; rectricibus lateralibus f asciis obsoletis fuscis notatis. 
Remiges rectricesrpie infra, illorumque pogonia interna supra, fuscie. Tectrices alarum inferiores, pectorisque latera 
pallido-rufo leviter tinctae. Rostrum pedesqae nigri. Longitude corporis, lO.*, ; rostri, 1’-; alee, acarpo ad apicern reroigis 
quintae, tarsi , 1| , caudce, 5. 
PLATE V. 
This species partakes so much of the general character that belong to the Jays of North America, 
that it is difficult at first to distinguish it. Upon close inspection, however, it will be found to dis- 
agree with those that approach most closely to it, the Garr. cristatus, for instance, of Mr. Swainson, 
and the Garr. Stelleri, by the absence of the crest ; from Garr. sordidus, Sw., by the general colouring 
of the back and breast ; and from the Garr. Floridanus , lately figured by the Prince of Musignano 
and Mr. Audubon, by the less brilliancy of the azure colour, the absence of white on the front, and 
the colour of the breast and abdomen. It was found in abundance at Monterey, 
