MR. W. G. CLARKE ON NORFOLK FLINT IMPLEMENTS. 22 5 
is as we should expect in the evolution of culture and crafts- 
manship. Colonel Lane-Fox said that the implements found 
at Cissbury were almost all rough axes, and Sir John Evans 
adds that some of them were long and narrow, and some 
rough-hewn with the two ends almost of the same form. 
He also mentions llakes, boring tools, scrapers, and a kind of 
chopper or wedge for splitting the chalk. At Massingham, 
Dr. Plowright distinguished in addition to flakes and axes, 
picks, hammer-picks, borers, diggers, and hand-choppers, and 
a few scrapers. Some of the implements weighed as much as 
5 pounds. Flakes were in some cases chips as thin as card- 
board ; others 6 or 8 inches long and proportionately thick. 
The R ingland implements of the Cissbury type were first found 
by myself on stone heaps, and on exploring the neighbourhood, 
Mr. G. Rye and I found that they had been gathered from the 
surface of two fields sloping upwards from the alluvium bor- 
dering the Wensum, and only from 30 to 40 feet above sea-level. 
The fields adjoin the highway between the Kingland Hills 
and the Beehive Lodge, Costessey, and rise gently to the 
base of a tree-covered ridge known as Cobbs Hills. I have 
no doubt that the flint from which the implements were 
made was excavated in the vicinity, but have not yet been 
able to find traces of the tiint-pits, which may have been in 
the sides of the hills. The implements are easily distinguish- 
able, as on a space of about 440 yards by 90 yards, every 
white or grey stone is chipped, and they are usually of large 
size. About 300 implements have been found at present. 
My own specimens — 228 in number — appear roughly to fall 
into eight varieties, the proportion of each being as follows : — 
cores, 2 per cent. ; implements sloping from one side to the 
other, the thinner side worked to a cutting edge, 3 per cent. ; 
long, pointed implements, 6 per cent. ; axes, 7 per cent. ; 
oval or discoidal implements, 9 per cent. ; triangular imple- 
ments, shaped somewhat like a French “ tranchet,” 16 per 
cent. ; square-ended implements, 27 per cent., and llakes, 30 per 
cent. Though individual flakes may be much smaller than 
individual flakes of the later Neolithic age, yet in a series the 
superior size of the Cissbury type is evident, and the same 
