226 MR. W. G. CLARKE ON NORFOLK FLINT IMPLEMENTS. 
applies to the implements. In Norwich Castle-Museum there 
is a Grimes Graves flake 5 inches long and 4 inches wide; 
Mr. G. Rye has one from Ringland 4^ inches wide and 4 inches 
long ; I have two, from Ringland, one 4^ inches wide, and 
the other 4 inches wide, and 6 inches in length. Many of 
the implements are from i-|- to 3 inches between the flaking 
ridges, and one core bears evidence of having had 10 flakes 
struck from it. Mr. G. Rye has two hand-picks, one 6J inches 
long, the other 6 inches, and a symmetrical axe just over 
5 inches long, 2 \ inches at the widest part, and if inches at 
the cutting edge, tapering slightly to the other end. I have 
a symmetrical axe 4f inches long ; another 4-j- long, and inch 
wide at each end ; but the best is flat-backed, 5 by 2| inches at 
the widest part, extremely well shaped, and boldly chipped 
round the edges. 
So far as the known evidence goes it seems probable that 
the communities at Grimes Graves, Massingham, and Ring- 
land were the only contemporary ones in the county of 
Norfolk, and the conclusions to be drawn from the chipping 
of the Cissbury type implements apparently indicate a new 
race rather than fusion with the old, for the chipping is far 
below that of the later periods of the Paleolithic age. 
(2) Intermediate Neolithic, or Boulder Clay tj'pe. While 
there is no difficulty in distinguishing Neolithic implements 
of the first and fourth groups, the dividing line between 
the second and third is by no means clearly marked, the one 
in some localities appearing to merge into the other. The 
implements of this group are, as a rule, found chiefly on 
the surface of cultivated fields on the heavier land of the 
county, although sometimes occurring on sandy patches 
with implements of more recent date. In contradistinction 
to the bulk of the implements in the next group, these are 
made from surface flints derived directly or indirectly from 
the boulder clay, and as a consequence of the material 
fracturing more easily owing to long exposure to the weather, 
the chipping, except in rare instances, will not bear comparison 
with" that on the excavated flint of a later period, though 
certainly an advance on that of the Cissbury type. It is 
