424 Proceedings of the Koyal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
showed signs of dying at an early date and was killed in consequence, the 
degree of change was very much greater. The centre of each lobule was 
found to be occupied by a granular mass showing neither nuclei nor any 
appearance of liver tissue. The intermediate zone was frequently also 
affected, and in the worst cases no sign of liver tissue was seen except a 
layer of two or three cells thick at the periphery of the lobules (fig. 3). 
In the granular debris a number of granules staining red with Scharlach 
rot were seen. 
The degenerative change in the liver in the animals where the chloroform 
was administered by the stomach is generally very great indeed, and in all 
cases appears much more complete than the change in the kidney. This 
is possibly due to the action of the chloroform “ anchoring ” itself to 
the liver cells. 
Administration Subcutaneously. 
When chloroform was given in the form of a subcutaneous injection, 
the mortality among the animals was very great, and a large proportion 
died during the night after the injection. 
On the other hand, the animals that recovered appeared to be quite 
active a day or two later. 
Histologically, the changes in the organs are very similar to those 
detailed above, the difference being one of degree. 
In the kidney, after four hours very little degeneration seems to occur, 
a slight degree of cloudy swelling being apparent. After five hours, some 
vacuolation was seen in one of the specimens examined. In one animal 
killed some hours later, and in a dying condition, the kidney showed an 
appearance comparable with that observed in some of the worst cases after 
administration by the stomach. The ascending and descending tubules, the 
convoluted tubules, and more markedly the collecting tubules showed little 
or no sign of cellular lining. They were choked and frequently distended 
with albuminous debris. In all the cases, however, the glomeruli retained 
an appearance approximating to the normal. 
In the animals which died, the appearance of the kidney was similar to 
those just described. Parts showed tubules denuded of their epithelium, 
and other parts showed cells in an advanced state of degeneration (fig. 4). 
Generally there was evidence of congestion of the organ, and occasionally 
dark granules were observed similar to those referred to above. 
In the case of the liver there was generally a slight necrosis in the 
centre of the lobule even a very few hours after the administration, and as 
