690 Proceedings of the Koyal Society of Edinburgh. [Sess. 
vertebrae, the specimen was an adult. The column consisted of forty-seven 
vertebrae. 
Cervical vertebra from the 1st to the 4th were fused together, and 
formed a massive bone, but the laminae of the 4th were distinct and did not 
meet to form a neural spine. The 5th, 6th and 7th were separate and with 
flattened bodies ; in the 5th and 6th the neural arches were incomplete and 
without spines, but the 7th had a short spine. The transverse processes 
were distinct ; in the atlas and axis no foramen was present at the root of 
each process ; in the 3rd to the 6th the transverse process was formed by 
the junction of the diapophysis and the parapophysis, between which was 
the vertebrarterial foramen; in the 7th these two processes had not joined 
and the boundary of the foramen was incomplete. 
Dorsal V ertebrce . — The 1st and the 5th to the last were separate bones, 
but the bodies of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th were tied together by a strong bar of 
bone fused with the ventral surface of their bodies. The body of the 1st 
dorsal was flattened, as in the last cervicals, but behind it the bodies 
gradually increased in antero-posterior diameter until the last, which measured 
109 cm. and possessed a median ridge on its ventral surface. From the 
lower part of the side of the body of the 1st dorsal a tubercle projected 
which resembled the parapophysis of a cervical. The laminae and spines were 
complete in all the dorsals and increased in size from before backwards. 
The 1st dorsal, where it gave rise to the parapophysis (inferior tubercle), had 
a large costal facet for the head of the 1st rib, on the posterior surface of the 
tubercle which extended on to the body, but no costal facet was seen on 
the short pointed transverse process. The body of each vertebra from the 
2nd to the 7tli had a costal facet on each side at its junction with the 
pedicle. From the 1st to the 8th vertebra, and close to tli£ anterior 
zygapophysis, a transverse process sprang from the neural arch, which, 
except in the 1st, had a large costal facet for the tubercle of a rib. In the 
terminal dorsals the transverse process did not project from the neural arch, 
but from the anterior part of the side of the body ; zygapophyses were 
present in the 1st to the 8th dorsal ; strong metapophyses projected from 
the laminae of the terminal dorsals which overlapped the laminae of the 
vertebra immediately anterior, and short metapophyses were present in the 
7th and 8th vertebrae. In this spine and in those of the two Shetland and 
the Dalgety Bay animals the 7th vertebra was the last to show costal facets 
for both head and tubercle ; the dorsal vertebrae behind it had a facet only 
on the transverse process for the tubercle of the rib. 
Lumbar vertebrce had no facets for articulation with the chevron bones. 
They were the largest of the vertebrae, and were characteristic of the 
