Religious Llee. 'Md 
haps the varying stratigraphical arrangement of particular beds may be 
paramount causes. 
141. The greatest depth to which the bores have been sunk hitherto 
is 200 feet, without the base of the alluvial strata being pierced. The 
varied stratigraphical relations also differ from one another according 
to locality, and only correspond in that, with all of them, the huge layers 
of rotten wood, even at a depth of 175 feet are always to be found. 
142. Let us now glance at the outward form of Religious Life, and 
the means adopted for its advancement- The only church which the Eng- 
lish met with on their occupation in 1803 was that on Fort Island, where 
the service was subsequently supplied by the army chaplain 
of the English troops and a preacher from the Dutch 
Reformed Church.. Dy 1811) a new edifice was dedicated in 
Demerara, the capital of the Colony, to be followed in 1819, 
1820 and 1825 by three others in Demerara and New Amsterdam, when 
at the same time the Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice Districts were 
split into parishes. Fp to that period the whole of Guiana did not pos- 
sess more than three clergy. Public Schools, besides the Saffon Institutes, 
were quite foreign until, in the interval between 1824 and 1831 the Colony 
redressed the grievance, and expended £26,000 out of her own resources for 
the purpose : as a matter of fact, in 1832 the sum for the support and main- 
tenance of Religions Institutions, including the erection of new schools, 
alone totalled £14,337 exclusive of the amounts spent on the like objects 
before and after. As a result of these united efforts the Established 
Church by 1836 had seven rectors and one curate: the Dutch Reformed 
Church two preachers, the Church of Scotland five, and the Roman 
Catholics two priests. Besides these clergy the various church commun- 
ities had another twelve catechists and teachers whose total salaries ran 
into £10.000. It was only in 1838 that the Colony was raised to an Arcli- 
diaconate, in the Diocese of Barbados, and the number of Established 
Church clergy increased to 18 with 28 teachers and several mistresses, 
as well as 10 Colonial curates and catechists: in this same year the 
number of churches, chapels, etc. exclusive of eight private schools al- 
ready aggregated 47. In 1842 the members of Committee accepted Dr. 
Austin as their Bishop in the Archdiaconate, the Roman Catholics hav- 
ing been organized already under Vicar- Apostolic Clancy, Bishop of 
Oriense in Parfüms with, at present, five priests and several school- 
teachers. At the same time Georgetown was dignified a City. 
143. To these Ecclesiastical Institutions must still be added the 
brisk activities of the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society with its 
eight chapels, the London Missionary Society, the Baptists, and others 
whose labours amongst the free negroes since 1838 have been crowned 
with the greatest success. 
144- As my brother had become acquainted on his previous visit with 
the nicest families in the city, the inner social life of the Colonists was 
disclosed earlier and easier than might otherwise have proved to be the 
case with me. But what I had left behind in the old world I found again 
in the new — in many respects even more crude, indeed in certain cases, 
essentially more revolting. The Europeans constitute here, as in all 
other Colonies, the only aristocracy, and one would almost believe it 
impossible that a people, to whose high-minded principles the elevation 
