ORANG-OUTANG. 373 
with tne facial line. It consists also of two bones, the upper maxillary, and 
the intermaxillary, the latter of which is wanting in man. 
“ 2. The temporal bones are very small ; and the cervical vertebrae have 
long processes, which prevent the head from being carried backward in any 
considerable degree. 
“ 3. The pelvis. The ischia are high, flat, and small, so as to form nearly 
a flat surface with the ilia and sacrum ; whence the cavity of the pelvis is 
small. Hence too the cavity of the abdomen is smaller than that of the 
thorax. 
“ 4. The spine. In the Orang-Outang it proceeds downward in a straight 
line ; in man on the contrary it has the figure of a Roman S. 
“ 5. The duodenum of the Orang-Outang has no rugae. The liver and 
gall bladder too are not like those of man. 
“ 6. Its proportions. The head is a sixth part of its whole length, in man 
it is only an eighth. 
“ 7* * Length of the arms. It fathoms with these eight lengths of the head, 
consequently two more than its own height : a man fathoms exactly his own 
height. 
“ 8. Length of the hands. Its hand is equal to a ninth part of its height, 
and is consequently longer in proportion than its head ; in man the hand is 
the length of the face. 
“ 9. The feet. These are about a fifth of its height ; those of man are a sixth. 
“ 10. The thorax. This is slender and deep, whence it cannot lie on the 
back.” 
The tenth observation does not apply to the animal that I have described, 
as he frequently lies on his back ; some of the others are objectionable, be- 
cause the animals from which the proportions were taken had not reached 
their full growth, 
Tilesius has mentioned, on the authority of Camper, the existence of thir- 
teen ribs amongst the characteristic marks of the Orang-Outang of Borneo, 
but in doing so appears to have fallen into an important error. In consult- 
ing Camper I find that he distinctly states, that the skeleton of his Orang- 
Outang had only twelve ribs. “ In het geraante van den Orang-Outang 
bevonden zig zes xvaare dat is met het borst-been vercenigde ribben, en 
zes omvarre.’' * — “ In the skeleton of the Orang-Outang there were found six 
true ribs, i. e. inserted in the sternum, and six false ones.” 
* Natuurkimdige verhamdelingen van Petrus Camper overden Orang-Outang, p. 1 / . 
* 3 b 3 
