— 85 — 
very great natural accumulations of water upstream of it, which might 
be improved. The question of quality needs study. 
The discharge of 435 cubic metres per second, which the rivers in 
their present state, aided by the Lake Albert reservoir, could deliver 
into the White Nile, would thus see itself gradually increased to 500, 
550, and 600 cubic metres per second and even more, and would enter the 
White Nile past the Sobat mouth in February, March, April and May. 
During these months the whole of the supply would pass down the 
White Nile without throwing backwater on the rivers. Later on, when 
the Sobat river came down in flood and filled up the channel of the 
White Nile, the Albert Nile would have its waters reduced at the Albert 
regulator, and the waters of Lake Albert would again be stored 
for the day when the Sobat floods had fallen and the White Nile 
channel was free and ready to take in the waters of the Albert 
Nile. 
While I had contemplated the training of the flood waters of the 
Albert Nile through the Sudd regions I had estimated the cost at 
£100,000 per annum, for 25 years, or at £2,500,000. Now, however, 
that Sir William Garstin has shown how we need only attend to the 
summer supplies, the sum may be reduced to half the former figure or 
to £1,200,000, and be more than ample. With £2,000,000 devoted to 
the Lake Albert reservoir and the training works in the Sudd region, 
the summer supply of Egypt and the northern Sudan would be put on 
a firm base. 
Dr. Schweinfurth, the eminent African traveller and savant, was the 
first to call the attention of the Egyptian Government to the necessity 
of closing the spills from the White Nile to the north of Gondokoro, 
and so beginning the training of the river. He very rightly said : — 
“ Many years would elapse before the desired result would be obtained 
by the strengthening of the banks, but the works would be increasingly 
felt every year in Egypt as the works progressed. ” 
35. Flood protection for Egypt. — In paragraph 30 it was 
stated that the floods in the Delta or in Lower Egypt can rise to a 
height of from 2 to 3J metres above the level of the country. Such 
floods are really dangerous and means should be found for moderating 
them. 
The Wady Rayan reservoir, when converted into the modern Lake 
Moeris and acting as a reservoir, will have one great advantage, it will 
be able to lower a high flood 30 centimetres for 50 days. This will 
