president’s address. 
156 
wings together corresponds with the margins of a leaf. At 
the lower end of the under wing is a tail-like process, and this 
corresponds with a similar one on the other lower wing, so 
that when the insect settles, these tails are super-imposed, 
one on the other, and are pressed by the insect against the 
twig on which it is sitting, so as to form the stalk of the 
mimic leaf. But the resemblance to the plant does not end 
here. All this Butterfly’s habits have been modified to 
assist in keeping up the fraud. The antennae or horns 
projecting from the head of the insect would, under ordinary 
circumstances, much interfere with its resemblance to the 
leaf ; consequently it has a trick of flinging its antennae back 
as soon as it settles, and laying them parallel with its body, 
and to facilitate this habit, there is a notch just where the 
fore-wing is set on to the body, into which the antennas 
fit when they are thrown back. 
Another set of protective resemblances has of recent years 
been observed in the case of certain Indian Satyridie. These 
Butterflies, which are allied with our common Meadow Browns 
and Ringlets, have two broods, one which appears during 
the rainy season and the other during the dry. They are 
insects of feeble flight, and frequently light on the ground 
under trees, &c., and their under surfaces bear cryptic re- 
semblance to the dead leaves, &c., on which they settle ; 
but the curious point is. that the insects belonging to the 
wet weather brood are quite differently marked on the under 
surface to those flying during the dry weather, hence they 
have in the past been regarded as different species, and 
have, accordingly, received different names. The principal 
difference between the wet and dry weather broods is the 
appearance in the former of the eye spots on the under surface 
of the wings, whereas, in the dry weather form, these spots 
are so inconspicuous as to be almost invisible. These eye spots 
are supposed to resemble the rain-drops on the dead leaves, 
and so to assimilate the insects better to their surroundings. 
