422 
MIGRATION AND OTHER ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES. 
were noted on most days coming in from the east and going 
straight inland. Sometimes the flighj was from E.-S.-E. to 
W.-N.-W. ; occasionally it was noted that the flock on 
making land changed its course and proceeded south ; and 
on the 17th, 19th, 25th, and 26th, migrants which were 
coasting south may have come in from the east further 
north. On November 1st, 2nd, and 9th, flocks came in from 
the N.-E. and went S.-W. 
On October 14th a flock was seen coming in very high up, 
the wind being half-a-gale from N.-E. On the 23rd three 
vast flocks arrived from the E.-S.-E. One of these flocks in 
open formation must have been quite a mile broad, and when 
the front birds disappeared in the west the last ones could 
just be seen in the eastern horizon. On the 24th numbers 
were seen 30 miles of Ymuiden (Holland), flying W. and N.-W. 
During the spring migration Jackdaws were nearly always 
associated with Rooks, and so I shall deal with both together. 
Movements were first noticed on March 1st, and from that 
date on to April 22nd migrant flocks were seen on many days. 
The birds collected in the coastal fields, and after circling up 
in the air, usually departed at a considerable height to the 
east. Sometimes, however, the flight was to S.-E., and 
occasionally to N.-E. On March 30th, April 8th, 9th, 14th, 
and 15th, flocks were seen departing to the north. On 
several occasions flocks were seen to go off to the east, and 
after flying some way (sometimes only visible with glasses), 
all would return to the fields they started from. It was 
generally observed that when this took place there was haze 
or slight fog out at sea. Twice, however, it was clear, but a 
strong E. or N.-E. wind was blowing. This shirking the 
journey might appear to anyone who had not observed the 
birds depart to be an iinmigration on to our shores, and this 
perhaps explains the statements in the British* Association 
Reports. (Sixth and Final Report on Bird Migration in Great 
Britain and Ireland, p. 12.) 
