40 
THE DESCENT OF MAN. 
Part I. 
and timidity are extremely variable qualities in the 
individuals of the same species, as is plainly seen in 
our dogs. Some dogs and horses are ill-tempered and 
easily turn sulky ; others are good-tempered ; and 
these qualities are certainly inherited. Every one 
knows how liable animals are to furious rage, and how 
plainly they show it. Many anecdotes, probably true, 
have been published on the long-delayed and artful 
revenge of various animals. The accurate Eengger and 
Brehm 7 state that the American and African monkeys 
which they kept tame, certainly revenged themselves. 
The love of a dog for his master is notorious ; in the 
agony of death he has been known to caress his master, 
and every one has heard of the dog suffering under 
vivisection, who licked the hand of the operator ; this 
man, unless he had a heart of stone, must have felt 
remorse to the last hour of his life. As Whewell 8 has 
remarked, “who that reads the touching instances of 
“ maternal affection, related so often of the women of 
“ all nations, and of the females of all animals, can 
“ doubt that the principle of action is the same in the 
“ two cases ? ” 
We see maternal affection exhibited in the most 
trifling details ; thus Kengger observed an American 
monkey (a Cebus) carefully driving away the flies which 
plagued her infant ; and Duvaucel saw a Hylobates 
washing the faces of her young ones in a stream. So 
intense is the grief of female monkeys for the loss of 
their young, that it invariably caused the death of cer- 
tain kinds kept under confinement by Brehm in N. 
“ All the following statements, given on the authority of these two 
naturalists, are taken from Rengger’s 4 Naturges. cler Saugethiere 
von Paraguay,’ 1830, s. 41 -57, and from Brehm’s 4 Thierleben,’ B. i. 
s. 10-87. 
8 4 Bridgewater Treatise,’ p. 263. 
