Chap. IV. 
MANNER OF DEVELOPMENT. 
127 
The males alone of the anthropomorphous apes have 
their canines fully developed ; but in the female gorilla, 
and in a less degree in the female orang, these teeth 
project considerably beyond the others; therefore the 
fact that women sometimes have, as I have been assured, 
considerably projecting canines, is no serious objection 
to the belief that their occasional great development in 
man is a case of reversion to an ape-like progenitor. 
He who rejects with scorn the belief that the shape of 
his own canines, and their occasional great development 
in other men, are due to our early progenitors having 
been provided with these formidable weapons, will pro- 
bably reveal by sneering the line of his descent. For 
though he no longer intends, nor has the power, to use 
these teeth as weapons, he will unconsciously retract his 
“ snarling muscles ” (thus named by Sir C. Bell ) 43 so as 
to expose them ready for action, like a dog prepared to 
fight. 
Many muscles are occasionally developed in man, 
which are proper to the Quadrumana or other mam- 
mals. Professor Vlacovich 44 examined forty male sub- 
jects, and found a muscle, called by him the ischio- 
pubic, in nineteen of them ; in three others there was 
a ligament which represented this muscle ; and in the 
remaining eighteen no trace of it. Out of thirty female 
subjects this muscle was developed on both sides in only 
two, but in three others the rudimentary ligament was 
present. This muscle, therefore, appears to be much 
more common in the male than in the female sex ; and 
on the principle of the descent of man from some lower 
form, its presence can be understood ; for it has been 
detected in several of the lower animals, and in all of 
43 4 The Anatomy of Expression/ 1844, p. 110, 131. 
44 Quoted by Prof. Canestrini in the ‘ Annuario,’ &c., 1867, p. 90. 
