Chap. IV. 
MANNER OF DEVELOPMENT. 
137 
other highly organised form ; and all others have 
yielded before him. He manifestly owes this immense 
superiority to his intellectual faculties, his social habits, 
which lead him to aid and defend his fellows, and to 
his corporeal structure. The supreme importance of 
these characters has been proved by the final arbitra- 
ment of the battle for life. Through his powers of in- 
tellect, articulate language has been evolved ; and on 
this his wonderful advancement has mainly depended. 
He has invented and is able to use various weapons, 
tools, traps, &c., with w 7 hich he defends himself, kills or 
catches prey, and otherwise obtains food. He has made 
rafts or canoes on w T hich to fish or cross over to neigh- 
bouring fertile islands. He has discovered the art of 
making fire, by which hard and stringy roots can be 
rendered digestible, and poisonous roots or herbs in- 
nocuous. This last discovery, probably the greatest, 
excepting language, ever made by man, dates from 
before the dawn of history. These several inventions, 
by which man in the rudest state has become, so pre- 
eminent, are the direct result of the development of 
his powers of observation, memory, curiosity, imagina- 
tion, and reason. I cannot, therefore, understand how 
it is that Mr. Wallace 59 maintains, that “natural selec- 
59 4 Quarterly Review,’ April, 1869, p. 392. This subject is more 
fully discussed in Mr. Wallace’s 4 Contributions to the Theory of Natural 
Selection,’ 1870, in which all the essays referred to in this work are 
republished. The * Essay on Man ’ has been ably criticised by Prof. 
Claparede, one of the most distinguished zoologists in Europe, in an 
article published in the 4 Bibliotheque Universelle,’ June, 1870. The 
remark quoted in my text will surprise every one who has read 
Mr. Wallace’s celebrated paper on 4 The Origin of Human Races 
deduced from the Theory of Natural Selection,’ originally published 
in the ‘ Anthropological Review,’ May, 1864, p. clviii. I cannot here 
resist quoting a most just remark by Sir J. Lubbock (‘Prehistoric 
Times,’ 1865, p. 479) in reference to this paper, namely, that Mr. 
Wallace, 44 with characteristic unselfishness, ascribes it (i. e. the idea of 
