216 
THE DESCENT OF MAN. 
Fakt It 
than would at first be supposed. This is well shewn by 
the French photographs in the Collection Anthropolo- 
gique du Museum of the men belonging to various 
races, the greater number of which, as many persons 
to whom I have shown them have remarked, might 
pass for Europeans. Nevertheless, these men if seen 
alive would undoubtedly appear very distinct, so that 
we are clearly much influenced in our judgment by 
the mere colour of the skin and hair, by slight differ- 
ences in the features, and by expression. 
There is, however, no doubt that the various races, 
when carefully compared and measured, differ much 
from each other, — as in the texture of the hair, the 
relative proportions of all parts of the body , 2 the capa- 
city of the lungs, the form and capacity of the skull, 
and even in the convolutions of the brain . 3 But if 
would be an endless task to specify the numerous points 
of structural difference. The races differ also in con- 
stitution, in acclimatisation, and in liability to certain 
diseases. Their mental characteristics are likewise very 
distinct ; chiefly as it would appear in their emotional, 
but partly in their intellectual, faculties. Every one 
who has had the opportunity of comparison, must have 
been struck with the contrast between the taciturn, 
even morose, aborigines of S. America and the light- 
hearted, talkative negroes. There is a nearly similar 
contrast between the Malays and the Papuans , 4 who live 
2 A vast number of measurements of Whites, Blacks, and Indians, are- 
given in the ‘ Investigations in the Military and Anthropolog. Statistics 
of American Soldiers/ by B. A. Gould, 1869, p. 298-858 ; on the- 
capacity of the lungs, p. 471. See also the numerous and valuable 
tables, by Dr. Weisbach, from the observations of Dr. Scherzer and 
Dr. Schwarz, in the ‘Beise der Novara: Anthropolog. Tlieil/ 1867. 
3 See, for instance, Mr. Marshall’s account of the brain of a Bush- 
woman, in * Phil. Transact.’ 1864, p. 519. 
4 Wallace, 4 The Malay Archipelago,’ vol. ii. 1869, p. 178. 
