Chap. VII. 
THE RACES OF MAN. 
217 
under the same physical conditions, and are separated 
from each other only by a narrow space of sea. 
We will first consider the arguments which may be- 
advanced in favour of classing the races of man as 
distinct species, and then those on the other side. If a 
naturalist, who had never before seen such beings, were 
to compare a Negro, Hottentot, Australian, or Mongolian, 
he would at once perceive that they differed in a multi- 
tude of characters, some of slight and some of consider- 
able importance. On inquiry he would find that they 
were adapted to live under widely different climates, and 
that they differed somewhat in bodily constitution and 
mental disposition. If he were then told that hundreds 
of similar specimens could be brought from the same 
countries, he would assuredly declare that they were as 
good species as many to which he had been in the 
habit of affixing specific names. This conclusion would 
be greatly strengthened as soon as he had ascertained 
that these forms had all retained the same character for 
many centuries ; and that negroes, apparently identical 
with existing negroes, had lived at least 4000 years 
ago. 5 He would also hear from an excellent observer, 
5 With respect to the figures in the famous Egyptian caves of Abou- 
Simbel, M. Pouchet says (‘ The Plurality of the Human Races,’ Eng,, 
translat. 1861, p. 50), that he was far from finding recognisable repre- 
sentations of the dozen or more nations which some authors believe 
that they can recognise. Even some of the most strongly-marked 
races cannot be identified with that degree of unanimity which might 
have been expected from what has been written on the subject. 
Thus Messrs. Nott and Gliddon (‘ Types of Mankind/ p. 1-18) state 
that Rameses II., or the Great, has features superbly European; where- 
as Knox, another firm believer in the specific distinction of the races* 
of man (‘Races of Man/ 1850, p. 201), speaking of young Memnon 
(the same person with Rameses II., as I am informed Py Mr. Birch) in- 
sists in the strongest manner that he is identical in character with the 
Jews of Antwerp. Again, whilst looking in the British Museum with 
two competent judges, officers of the establishment, at the statue of 
Amunoph III., we agreed that he had a strongly negro cast of features.; 
