'4 
CONFERVACEiE. 
Matted tufts an inch or more in diameter, sometimes widely spreading. Filaments 
scarcely an inch long, rising from creeping fibres, sparingly branched, flaccid, the 
branches very irregular, few or many, either undivided or once or twice compounded, 
naked, or having a few secund ramuli toward the ends. Articulations , especially the 
lower ones, very many times longer than broad, their membrane thin and membranous. 
Colour a very pale green, with watery endochrome. 
This has the densely matted habit of the preceding species, but the filaments of which 
the mats are composed are much more robust, anfd less rigid, of a paler green, &c. 
Kiitzing well observes that it has the aspect of a Valonia. 
** Rupestres ; rigid, dark-green, tufted ; the cell-wall thick. 
3. Cladophora rupestris , L.; filaments capillary, rigid, dark-green, straight, tufted, 
bushy ; branches erect, crowded, densely clothed with appressed, opposite or tufted, 
subulate ramuli ; articulations three or four times as long as broad. Linn. Sp. PI. p. 
1637. Dillw. Conf. t. 23. E, Bot. t 1699- Harv. Phyc. Brit. t. 130. Kiitz. Sp. 
Alg. p. 396. Wyatt , Alg. Danm. No. 95. 
Hab. Rocky shores, near low water mark. Fiskernaes, near Cape Farewell, 
Greenland, Dr. Sutherland. Halifax, W. H. H. (v. v.) 
Root a largish disc. Filaments densely tufted, 2-6-8 inches long (in my American 
specimens scarcely two inches), capillary, rigid, very dark-green, much branched ; the 
branches straight and very erect, repeatedly divided, the divisions either alternate or 
opposite. Penultimate branches often nearly naked, filiform, elongated, very erect and 
straight ; in luxuriant specimens set throughout with opposite or fascicled or scattered 
subulate ramuli, whose terminal cell is sometimes acute, sometimes obtuse. The process 
of cell division is well illustrated in this species, and may be observed even in dried 
specimens, so perfectly does the endochrome recover its form. The cells of the middle 
portion of the branches divide as well as those of the younger ramuli, and consequently 
consecutive cells are found of various lengths. 
Two specimens of what I take to be a much denuded and battered state of this species 
were collected by Dr. Sutherland, in the Arctic expedition under Captain Inglefield, in 
the above mentioned locality, and have been sent to me by Professor Dickie of Belfast. 
They are faded to a dull green. The substance and ramification, so far as branches 
remain unbroken, are those of C. rupestris ; but in one specimen the articulations are 
very short, being only as long as their diameter, or scarcely longer. This peculiarity 
at first seems sufficiently characteristic of a distinct species, but a little further exami- 
nation shows that the character is deceptive, resulting merely from the ordinary 
process of cell-division being in this specimen carried to an excess. On the other 
specimen are cells of the common length mixed with these short or halved cells ; 
and intermediate stages occur which quite explain the unusual character of the first 
specimen. 
