392 GEORGE H. CARPENTER AND MABEL C. MACDOWELL. 
connected with the anterior margin of the labium. Behind 
this boss the tongue is strengthened by a large transverse 
sclerite (tr. scl.), the sides of which pass into the lateral 
sclerites (It. scl.); the latter are prolonged backwards and 
merge iuto the posterior basilar membrane. The transverse 
sclerite bears a large toothed projection ( t . 2 ), which is very 
asymmetrically placed to the right of the middle line. It 
corresponds to the similarly placed tooth of Geotrupes (PI. 37, 
fig. 24, £. 4 ) and to the anterior median tooth of Dascillus 
(PI. 36 , fig. 20, t}). Just beneath it, the transverse sclerite is 
Text-fig. 5. 
A B 
Phy llopertha liorticola. Head of larva, ventral view. 
A. With all appendages in situ. B. With the labium and 
maxillae removed, exposing the ventral liead-sclerite (v. s .) and 
the liypopharynx {hyp). X 12. 
raised into a definite ridge bearing spines. The lateral 
sclerite on the left-hand side of the tongue bears a definite 
ridge with a group of long spines on its inner dorsal margin 
(figs. 26 and 27 sp.). 
The posterior membrane is much more delicate than in 
Geotrupes. It bears a number of curious little bosses 
(fig. 28, a), which serve as points of attachments for the 
tendons of the muscles which work the tongue. 
On the dorsal surface of the transverse sclerite on the left- 
hand side there is an interesting little lobe with a toothed 
margin (fig. 27, mxl.). It recalls the spinose lobes on the 
