216 
J. BEARD. 
in connection with the neural ganglia, i. e. in connection with 
those ganglia in head and trunk which are formed just outside 
the limits of the neural plate ; and, as Froriep and I have indi- 
rectly shown, the lateral sense organ Anlagen in higher Ver- 
tebrates show no disposition to leave their original home above 
the gill-clefts, and to wander into the epiblastic Anlagen of the 
neural ganglia, but force the latter, as it were, to come to them 
to receive their contingent of nerve-cells. 
Like Dr. Eisig I support, as the result of these researches, 
Kleinenherg’s view of the homology of the spinal ganglia of 
Vertebrates, and the parapodial ganglia of Annelids. But I go 
further, and say that what in the sense given above may be 
called the cranial neural ganglia of Vertebrates, are also mor- 
phologically equivalent to parapodial ganglia of Annelids. I 
also am fully prepared now to accept with Eisig the homology 
of the branchial sense organs of Vertebrates with the Seiten- 
organe of Annelida ; but from the nature of the case it will be 
obvious that at present I cannot admit the unproved homology 
of the “ Seitenorganen” ganglia of Annelids with the entire 
parapodial ganglia of Annelids. To meet the conditions of the 
Vertebrate head the parapodial ganglion must at some time or 
other have divided into two parts, one remaining neural and 
corresponding to the neural ganglia of Vertebrates, and one 
becoming lateral above the gill-clefts (and connected with them), 
which would correspond to the lateral sense-organ ganglia of 
Vertebrates, and to the same ganglia of Annelids. At present 
such a view would be merely speculative. 
VIII. The Functional Distribution of the Cranial 
Nerves. 
The recent researches of Gaskell (No. 19 a, p. 58) lead him to 
divide the anterior and posterior roots of each spinal nerve into 
two sets of fibres, which are visceral and somatic respectively. 
Somatic motor nerves are those fibres derived from the 
anterior horn ; somatic sensory nerves are those derived from 
the posterior horn ; while the motor visceral nerves arise in 
