morphological studies. 
219 
probable growth of fibres from the gauglia into the central 
nervous system. The neural cranial ganglia also grow to- 
wards the lateral epiblast at the level of the notochord and 
fuse with it. Here are the Anlagen of the lateral or branchial 
sense organs of Froriep and myself. From this fusion in all 
Vertebrates form-elements pass into the cranial gauglia; these 
form-elements I distinguish as lateral ganglia. The parapodial 
gauglia of Annelids appear to be homologous with the spinal 
ganglia of Vertebrates, as Kleinenberg suggested, and also 
more or less with the neural cranial ganglia. 
The anterior roots of cranial and spinal nerves arise as out- 
growths of ganglia situate in the central nervous system. To 
form them cells leave the nervous system, and are distributed 
in the nerve. All the anterior roots at first contain many 
nuclei, which are of nervous and not parablastic origin. These 
statements on the anterior roots are only a confirmation of 
Balfour’s researches. 
In addition to the four elements of the anterior and posterior 
roots, two ganglionated and sensory, two motor and ungau- 
glionated, distinguished by Gaskell, Hill, and partially by His, 
the cranial nerves contain a fifth element, derived from the lateral 
or branchial sense organs. Such are, in very brief form, the 
main results of the researches recorded in the preceding paper. 
It is with more than ordinary feelings that I desire to record 
here my most heartfelt gratitude to Professor Wiedersheim, in 
whose laboratory I carried out the above researches, for the 
generosity and kindness with which he in many ways supported 
my work. I owe him many thanks for his advice and criticism, 
and for the use of his valuable library, and, not least, for the 
gift of various material which was of great use to me. 
