T. Davidson — On Neic Scottish Brachiopoda. 
13 
the so-called “ Karnes,” owe most of tlie materials of which they 
are composed to the ancient glaciers. 
2. — These materials were spread over the bottom of the sea when 
it was at a higher level than at present, and in the ordinary familiär 
course of nature. 
3. — The “Karnes” owe their present forrns not to any abnormal 
action of the elements, but are the result of the same denuding agen- 
cies that are at present in Operation. 
III. — Notes on Foub Species of Scottish Lowee Silubian 
Bbachiopoda. 
By T. Davidson, F.R.S., F.G.S., etc. 
(PLATE II.) 
Genus Siphonoteeta, De Vemeuil. 
Of this remarkable genus several species from the Lower Silurian 
rocks of Bussia have been well described and illustrated by Eichwald, 
Pander, de Vemeuil, Kutorga, and others, to whose works and 
papers the reader is referred. 1 
In 1849 Prof. Morris described a species from the Upper Silurian 
or Wenlock Shale, near Dudley, to which he gave the name of 
Anglica . 2 In 1851 Prof. M‘Coy made us acquainted with a much 
smaller species, S. mtcula 3 which abounds in the Llandeilo flags of 
various English, Scottish, and Irish localities. 
About two years ago Mrs. Gray, an indefatigable collector of 
Scottish Silurian fossils, to whose liberality I am deeply indebted, 
discovered in the Caradoc Limestone or Shales of Craighead Qyarry, 
in Aryshire, several incomplete examples of a third species which 
she kindly placed in my hands for description and illustration. 
It is not, however, possible, from the crushed and fragmentary con- 
dition in which these specimens have been found, to describe the 
shell completely, or to refer it, with any degree of certainty, to the 
Eussian species already noticed. It will consequently be better, 
I think, to give to this Scottish species a provisional separate 
designation. 
1. Siphonoteeta Scotica, n. sp. ? PI. II. Figs. 5, 6. 
Shell oblong oval, anterior half broadly rounded ; posterior half 
tapering (in the ventral valve) into an acuminated beak, perforated 
at its extremity by a small circular foraminal aperture. Valves 
moderately convex and marked with numerous concentric ridges, 
from which fringes of closely-packed adpressed spines take their 
rise, which, although more numerous, partake of the character of 
those figured by Kutorga in pl. vi. fig. 2b. of bis Mernoir aJ ready 
1 Eichwald, Zoologia Specialis, vol. i. p. 274, 1829. Von Buch, Beiträge zur 
Bestimmung des Gebirgsformation Russlands, 1840. Kutorga, Ueber die Siphono- 
tretese, 1848. De Yemeuil, Geol. of Russia, rol. ii. 1845. Davidson, British Fossil 
Brachiopoda, vol. i., Introduction, p. 131, 1853, and vol. iii. Sil. Mon. p. 75. 
2 Morris, Annals and Mag. Kat. Hist. vol. iv. Ko. 23, p. 315, Kov. 1849. 
* M‘Coy, Annals and Mag. Kat. Hist. vol. viii. p. 389, 1851. 
