j Reviews — Heer’s JPrimceval World of Switzerland. 87 
Brown-coal of Bonn and in the Miocene Lignites of Bovey Tracey, 
and its ancestry lias been traced back as far as the Cretaceous Period. 
At least twelve species of Palms have been inet with in Swiss 
Miocene deposits. 
Fig. 10. Palms, etc. of Switzerland, restored from their leaves. 1 . Sabal mnjor, 
Ung. sp. 2. Phenicites spectabilis, Ung. 3. Flabellaria Ruminiana, Heer. 4. 
M<fiicariaformosa,HeeT. 5. Lastraa stu iaca, Ung. sp. 6. Phragmites (Eningensis, 
A. Br. 7. Cyperus vetustus, Heer. (Fig. 164, p. 335, Heer.) 
Bearing in mind that only a single species of palm, the dwarf 
Fan-palm, Chammrops humilis, Linn., is now found in Europe, we 
may conclude that a more warm and equable climate was enjoyed 
over all this region of the earth. 
“ This higher temperature of the Swiss Miocene land may be in 
part explained by the form of Europe at that time. A different 
Distribution of land and water is seen in the map of Central Europe 
at this period (see Fig. 5). The eastern sea, which extended into 
Switzerland, must have exerted a warming influence, as it was 
connected with the Indian Ocean through the Eed Sea, and perhaps 
also through the Persian Gulf. From this tropical sea, a current of 
warm water, like the existing Gulf-stream in the Atlantic, flowed 
towards the northern seas, exerting a powerful influence upon the 
temperature of the surrounding lands by means of the broad arms of 
the sea, which penetrated into the heart of Europe.” (vol. ii. p. 263.) 
