88 Reviews — Heer's R rimmal World of Switzerland. 
Like tlie plant-life, Insects were most abundant at (Eningen, about 
876 species having been described. Fiskes of freshwater species 
were also plentiful, togetker witk gigantic Salamanders, Frogs, 
Toads, Lizards, Crocodiles, Serpents, and Tortoises, in all 27 species ; 
and six species of Birds ; wkilst of Mammalia 59 species are known, 
3 genera only of wkick now occur in Switzerland ( Cervus, Sus, and 
Sciurus). Tke Gibbons now live in India ; tke Opossums ( Didelphjs ) 
in Soutk America ; tke Rkinoceros and Musk-deer in India and 
Africa ; tke Tapirs in India and S. America. Space does not permit 
us to complete tkis interesting kistorical sketck of Middle Europe 
down to tke present day. A long lapse of centuries follows filled 
up by tke Quaternary Period witk its more sombre forests of Pines, 
Birck, Oak, and Sycamore, its kerds of wild Elepkants, its Rkino- 
ceroses and Buffalos. 
Fig. 11. Elephas primigenius, Blum, (4 nat. size.) Last lower molar. Erom the 
railway cutting at Lüttingen, near Hauenstein on the Rhine. 
Fig. 12. Elephas antiquua, Falc. Last lower molar. From Dürnten. (4 nat. size.) 
Tkey teil of a period wken tke climate became colder, and when 
tke Alpine ckain, undenuded by atmospheric agencies, raised its 
summits to a far higker level tkan at tke present day, and con- 
sequently its snow-fields were far larger, and its glaciers far longer, 
and tke latter were tkerefore able to advance furtker into tke Swiss 
valleys and piled up upon tke Dürnten lignites moraines of formid- 
able size. Similar deposits are also to be seen at Utznach. 
