110 Dr. Fektmantel — JBoJiemian Coal Fauna and Passage-ßeds. 
c. The Lower Coal-seam. 
From this district I determined abont 9G species of plants, and 
also a Crustacean referred to the Eurypterida was described as 
Lepidoderma Jmhofi, Reuss. 1 A full account of fliese relations I 
have given lately in two larger papers. 2 
It is very interesting to nute the occurrence of numerous Ironstone 
nodales in sonie localities in the disti'ict of this lower seam, which 
are in tbe shales above it, and contain, like the sliales themselves, 
many well-preserved fossil plants. 
The fossil plants of fliese spherosiderites and of otlier places in 
tbe Bohemian Coal-fields 1 bave especially described. 3 
The Lower Coal-seam is generally thicker, and wbere it is in 
connexion with the upper seam, much cleeper below tbe surface ; in 
otber localities it is reached at once wben sinking a shaft, witbout 
traversing tbe upper seam. 
d. Animal Fossils from above the Upper Coal-seam. 
It remains to mention anotber occurrence of animal-remains above 
tbe Upper Coal-seam. More in the northem part of it, about six 
English miles N.N.W. of tbe city of Pilsen, between tbe villages 
Zilow and Ledec, a Coal-seam was reached at a deptli of six metres, 
which was only 63 c.m. tbick, and contained in tbe lower part only 
some thin streaks of a variety of Coal which resembled mostly tbe 
Niir schau Gas-coal, so tliat i bad no doubt this seam is tbe xnost 
nortbern representat.ive of the Nürschan Upper Seam. 
A little to tbe south of tbe village Zilow, I succeeded in finding 
(already 1871) some spherosiderites, which evidently came from 
above tbe Upper Coal-seam ; they were rnore oblong and flat, 
and reminded me of similar forms in tbe Leebach strata of the 
Saarbrück Coal-field, which was still more probable judging by 
tlieir contents ; they contained spines of Xenacanthus (appareutly 
Declieni), Ichlliyoeopros (as they are .found in the Permian strata of 
Nortbern Bohemia), ribbed fish-scales, and otber bones, which most 
probably belong to tbe Permian Archegosaurns, 
In 1875, Dr. A. Fritsch again visited this region, and procured 
also from tbe spherosiderites, 4 several fislies of the genus Palceo- 
niscus, amongst which was an Ambhjpterus (according to tbe last 
report) of 115 c.m. in lengtb. This all speaks certainly for Permian 
affinities. 
e. Red Sandstone Formation in the Pilsen Basin. 
Above all tbe seams we find Red Sandstones, especially in tbe 
nortbern and Southern portion of the Upper Coal-seam district. 
In tbe nortbern portion we find near tbe village Kottiken sand- 
1 Reuss, Denkschriften der k. Academie der Wissensch. "Wien, 1856, p. 83. — 
Fritsch, Fauna der Steinkohlenformation in Böhmen, Archiv für Naturh. Durch- 
forsch. etc , ii. vol. 1873. 
2 Studien im Gebiete des Kohlengebirges in Böhmen, Abh. der k. bohm. Gesellsch. 
d. Wissen sch. 1874. —Versteinerungen der bohm. Kohlenfonnation, Cassel, 1874-76. 
3 Sit/.ungsh. d. k. bohm. Gesellsch. d. Wissensch. 1873. 
4 I think it is the same locality, or very near, of which I just spoke. 
