120 Notices of Memoirs — Th. Fuchs — On the Tertiaries of Malta. 
floras ; where animals only occur, they must decide from their part ; 
but if botb animals and plants occur, they must both be used in an 
appropriate way ; but we must alwavs take tkis maxim for our 
guidance, that already existing organisms could much easier sur- 
vive, than that organisms generally known as higher in stratifica- 
tion should be transferred to much lower strata ; and how such 
cases can be explained by colonization, everybody knows best for 
himself, and I have indicated already above. 
We must further consider that formations in general have proved 
not to be so strictly limited, and that very often forms from the 
lower pass into the higher, as for instance the Rhaetic beds, as 
passage-beds between the Keuper and Lias; the Wealden formation, 
as a passage-bed between the Upper Jura and Lower Cretaceous, 
etc., were established ; there is certainly such a passage also be- 
tween the Carboniferous and Permian formation, and in Bohemia 
the Nürschan Gas-coal establishes this passage : it is therefore to be 
oonsidered as a passage-bed between the Carboniferous and Permian 
formations there. 
HSTOTICES OF MEMOIES. 
I. — On the Tertiaries of Malta . 1 By Th. Fuchs. Proceed. 
Imp. Acad. Yienna, Jan. 20, 1876, vol. lxx. p. 92. 
[Communicated by Count Marschall, C.M.G.S., etc.] 
mHESE Tertiaries may be divided into two groups ; the upper one 
JL answering to the Leitha-limestone of the Yienna Basin ; the 
lower one to the deposits of Schio near Vicenza, of Monte Titano 
near San Marino, of Dego, Carcare, and Beiforte in Italy, those of 
Bazas and Merignac in France, the Marine Molasse of Bavaria, the 
Sotzka beds of Styria, and the Pectunculus beds of Hungary. The 
two groups are conformable; but, though petrographically analogous, 
offer different palseontological characters. 
The succession of beds (in descending Order) is : — 
A. Leitha-Kalk Group. 
Ist. — Leitha-limestones in all the varieties occurring in the Yienna 
Basin, and a peculiar compact variety with breccia-like texture, 
bearing more resemblance to the Triassic “ Rauhwackes ” of the 
Alps than to any Miocene Leitha-limestone. 
The plateaux formed of these limestones are notably worn out by 
atmospheric agencies, their superficial erosions being filled by a 
brick-red earthy substance, like those of the Illyrian Karst. Organic 
remains, identical with those of the Leitha-limestones of the Yienna 
Basin, are locally abundant. 
2nd. — Green Sands and Heterostegina-limestones of Gozo, im- 
mediately beneath the Leitha-limestones with an enormous quantity 
of Polyzoa, Heterostegince, Echinidce, Ostrece, and Pectines, and in 
every respect answering to the sands of Neudorf, south of Yienna. 
1 Papers on the Geology and Fossils of Malta, by Duncan, Jones, and Hutton, 
have appeared in tbe Geological Magazine, Yol. I. pp. 96 — 106, and Yol. III. 
pp. 145 — 152, which may be consulted in connexion with this communication. — Edit. 
Geol. Mag. 
